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The aim of this article is to discuss some texts which at the diffe-rent times constructed the Lithuanian nation's cultural identity. We have drawn attention to the concept of national identity published in the periodical "Aušra" (1883). The narrative was created in the 19th century as an act of revolutionary social transformation in order to define the national consciousness, language and culture. More significantly, the site of cultural difference became the process of the enunciation of culture as "knowledgeable", authoritative, adequate to the construction of systems of cultural identification. The enunciation of cultural difference problematizes the bina-ry division of past and present, tradition and modernity at the le-vel of cultural representation. It is the problem of how, in signifying the present, something comes to be repeated, relocated and translated in the name of tradition. Thus the political (and theoretical) genealogy of modernity lies not only in the origins of the idea of civility, but in this history of the colonial moment. We pay attention to the importance of the hybrid moment of political change and the time of enunciation and make the question of contradictions rooted in the process of translation and displacement in which the cultural identity was written. Applying semiotic approach we have rethink the cultural text or system of meanings as the Semantic Universe for recognition the structure of symbolization. In the purpose to understand the two familiar traditions in the discourse of identity we seized the space of representation, where the image of Self is confronted with the difference, its Other. The Subject (individual or nation) can construct himself only through the differences and he need the Other/Others for the reason of the semiotic existence. The experience of identity makes sense only via an articulation of difference: there is no Us without Them. A cultural unit exists and is recognized insofar as there exists another one which is opposed to it. We are faced with a dimension of double-dealing: a charge of assimilation and the act of eclude. To understand the differences of the historical writing and self-identification let's compare the idea of the two texts: Motiejus Stryjkowski "Chronicle" and Albertas Vijūkas-Kojalowicz "Lithuanian history", both written as historical narratives (and political myths) before "Aušra". We have used Algirdas Julius Greimas semiotic point of view to understand the rules governing the narrative programming: it is now clear that the analysis of the discourse may disco-ver ideology. We must try to decipher myths, stories and folklore for the reason to identify the systems of values and how the models of behaviour (ability to act) impact on the style of life in the modern society. To ascertain the mythological code we have used to discuss Lithuanian folktale about the Fearless Hero in order to understand the narrative structures. The structure of this folktale might be used to discover the new order doctrine and the ideology in the text of periodical "Aušra" also for exploring and identifying the narrative and passion structures of the concrete discourse. ; Straipsnyje aptariami tekstai, įvairiais laikotarpiais prisidėję prie lietuvių tautos kultūrinės tapatybės konstravimo. Dėmesys kreipiamas į periodiniame leidinyje Aušra (1883) paskelbtą priekalbą, kurioje XIX a. didžiuoju istoriniu pasakojimu (naratyvu) buvo įreikšminta ir apibrėžta modernios lietuvių tautos savimonė, aktualizuota istorinės genealogijos problematika. Retoriškai klausiama, ar toks tekstas, formavęs tapatybės logiką ir savasties būtinybę kolonizavimo metu, neįtvirtino kultūrų hibridizacijos ir neįvardijo kolonijinio subjekto, veikiančio dabartyje, vaidmens? Taikant semiotinį požiūrį, aptariami semantinį universumą artikuliuojantys reikšminiai visetai ir kaip tos pačios kalbinės bendruomenės viduje įvyksta vertimas. Subjektas (individas, tauta) konstruoja save per skirtumą, todėl jam reikia kokio nors kito/kitų tam, kad imtų semiotiškai egzistuoti. Straipsnyje parodoma, kaip toks tapsmas gali tapti dvilypiu, susidūrus su asimiliavimo kaltinimu ir išstūmimo veiksmu. Aptariami du tekstai: Motiejaus Strijkovskio Kronika ir Alberto Vijūko-Kojelavičiaus Lietuvos istorija, kuriuose "iki" Aušros programos buvo aprašyta lietuvių tautos ir istorijos genealogija. Naudojantis Algirdo Juliaus Greimo semiotinėmis nuostatomis, nagrinėjama naratyvinė programa, kurios analizė diskurse gali išryškinti ideologiją. Parodoma, kaip pasakojimų, mitų ir folkloro dešifravimas gali atskleisti verčių sistemas ir elgesio (mokėjimo veikti) modelius. Lietuvių liaudies pasakoje apie Bebaimį Herojų siekiama atpažinti naratyvines struktūras ir išsiaiškinti mitologinį kodą. Pasakos struktūrą bandoma panaudoti Aušros tekste aiškinantis įvedamą naują tvarką ir ideologiją, taip pat atpažįstant naratyvines ir pasijines struktūras.

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

Nagrinėjamas inteligentijos vaidmuo formuojant viešąją nuomonę ir kuriant tapatybės modelius kultūrinėje spaudoje, Lietuvos tautinių atgimimo sąjūdžių laikotarpiais. Analizuojant socialinį fenomeną – kaip spauda dalyvauja aktyvinant kaitos procesus – taikomas aiškinamasis tyrimas, kokybinės analizės, lyginamasis ir interpretacinis metodai, atliekama literatūros apžvalga.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kaita, inteligentai, tapatybė, kultūrinė spauda.The Role of Lithuanian Intelligentsiain Establishing the Identity ConstructsJolita Linkevičiūtė-Rimavičienė SummaryThe article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts.Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of nationalidentity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.Keywords: intelligentsia, social changes, cultural periodics, identityx;">

The article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts. Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.

Nagrinėjamas inteligentijos vaidmuo formuojant viešąją nuomonę ir kuriant tapatybės modelius kultūrinėje spaudoje, Lietuvos tautinių atgimimo sąjūdžių laikotarpiais. Analizuojant socialinį fenomeną – kaip spauda dalyvauja aktyvinant kaitos procesus – taikomas aiškinamasis tyrimas, kokybinės analizės, lyginamasis ir interpretacinis metodai, atliekama literatūros apžvalga.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: kaita, inteligentai, tapatybė, kultūrinė spauda.The Role of Lithuanian Intelligentsia in Establishing the Identity ConstructsJolita Linkevičiūtė-Rimavičienė
SummaryThe article reviews the role of intelectuals in shaping the public opinion in Lithuania during the period of national revival movements and national consciousness development during political, social and economic changes in the public sphere, when in a revolutionary way the repressive regime is being destroyed and democracy begins developing, almost without a certain historical framework. When analysing in the media aspect, it becomes important that the nature and interpretation of information and reality are truthful when people are being mobilized for social changes, as are also social elite regulation, relevant for the implementation of the new goals and concepts.Historically, the cultural and political revival of the Lithuanian press is associated with the concept of freedom: freedom of speech, which arouses pepole's awareness – raising and dissemination of national identity and publications as the national statehood, self-esteem and the idea of implementing measures of publishing and spreading advanced experience. When analysing the importance of culture publications in the periods of a social and political crisis, the role of intelectuals manifests itselfs. Academia and culture representatives become the editors of actual publications, and the limited periodicals are first of all vivifying and reconstructing historical memory and ethnic cultural heritage, identifying the revoliutionary situation and fulfilling the self-monitoring, self-observing function. Finding the connections between the previous periods of national liberation and their intellectual leaders is actual while analysing the significance of culture publications and their impact on the historical and social breaks.Keywords: intelligentsia, social changes, cultural periodics, identityx;">

The purpose of the article is to attract attention to the role of press and its meaning in the context of civil society in one of the developmental stages of democracy. After the social structure had changed in Lithuania, as in other post soviet countries where the totalitarian ideology deformed the concepts of truth and identity, the need and expectations of psychological security to create a better future were directly related to the press. On the grounds of political philosophy, the imperative of public space as an imperative of a basic democracy institution which appears when the members of community create and support it, is analyzed. Analyzing the way in which the press as one of the governmental blocks participates in the maintenance of public space because of itself and represents the citizens, shows the level of public discussion quality and community information. The right of society to receive information is political since the awareness guarantees the realization of universal freedom; the purification of press links with civil society is important as a theoretical basis when examining the role of media in the periods of societal changes.

Straipsnio tikslas – nagrinėti specifinį spaudos vaidmenį viename iš visuomenės raidos etapų: kuriantisnaujai socialinei struktūrai, pilietinei bendruomenei ir jai aktyviai dalyvaujant pirmoje viešosios sritiesraidos pakopoje. Lietuvoje, kaip ir kitose posovietinėse šalyse, kuriose totalitarinės ideologijos dominavimasdeformavo tiesos ir identiteto sampratas, keičiantis visuomeninei struktūrai, psichologinio saugumoporeikis ir lūkesčiai, kuriant geresnę ateitį, buvo susiję su spauda, tuo laikotarpiu atlikusia kompensuojamąjąfunkciją.Įvykiai Rytų Europoje, buvusioje Sovietų sąjungoje iki 1990-ųjų skatino ginkluotus konfliktus. "Dainuojantirevoliucija" Baltijos valstybėse tyrėjų vertinama politinės raidos modelio aspektu. "Nacionalizmasbe žiaurumo" suvokiamas kaip fenomenas, sąlygotas baltų istorinio ir kultūrinio paveldo, palyginti suagresyviu serbų, kroatų, kaukaziečių nacionalizmu, pasireiškusiu išsivaduojant iš sovietinio "tautų kapinyno".Neginkluotą nacionalinį pasipriešinimo judėjimą ir skirtingų visuomenės grupių Lietuvoje, Latvijojeir Estijoje dialogą organizavo ir rėmė laisvėjanti spauda. Visuomenės informavimo priemonių, kaipįtakingos socialinės jėgos, analizė; spaudos, mobilizuojančios, koordinuojančios ir drąsinančios žmonesatvirai reikšti savo nuomonę, vaidmens identifikavimas bus naudingas tolesnei tyrimų, nagrinėjančiųLietuvos atgimimo spaudą ir jos raidos etapus 1988–1991 metais, eigai. Visuomenės teisė gauti informacijąyra politinė, spaudos sąsajų su pilietine visuomene kontekstualizavimas svarbus kaip teorinispagrindas, tiriant medijų funkcijas bei uždavinius demokratėjant visuomenei ir palankios piliečių sąmoningumuivystytis kuriant aplinką. Ši tema nėra tirta, XX a. devintojo dešimtmečio Lietuvos žiniasklaidaapžvelgiama tik istoriografinės analizės aspektu, nepakanka dėmesio laisvėjančiam žiniasklaidos diskursuiir jo įtakai vertybių kaitos požiūriu.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: visuomeniniai pokyčiai, spaudos vaidmuo, spaudos laisvė, žurnalistinė atsakomybė,viešoji erdvė, piliečiai.Media, change and civil societyJolita Linkevičiūtė-Rimavičienė SummaryThe purpose of the article is to attract attention tothe role of press and its meaning in the context ofcivil society in one of the developmental stages ofdemocracy. After the social structure had changed inLithuania, as in other post soviet countries where thetotalitarian ideology deformed the concepts of truthand identity, the need and expectations of psychologicalsecurity to create a better future were directlyrelated to the press.On the grounds of political philosophy, theimperative of public space as an imperative of abasic democracy institution which appears whenthe members of community create and support it, isanalyzed. Analyzing the way in which the press asone of the governmental blocks participates in themaintenance of public space because of itself andrepresents the citizens, shows the level of publicdiscussion quality and community information. Theright of society to receive information is politicalsince the awareness guarantees the realization ofuniversal freedom; the purification of press linkswith civil society is important as a theoretical basiswhen examining the role of media in the periods ofsocietal changes.

The purpose of the article is to attract attention to the role of press and its meaning in the context of civil society in one of the developmental stages of democracy. After the social structure had changed in Lithuania, as in other post soviet countries where the totalitarian ideology deformed the concepts of truth and identity, the need and expectations of psychological security to create a better future were directly related to the press. On the grounds of political philosophy, the imperative of public space as an imperative of a basic democracy institution which appears when the members of community create and support it, is analyzed. Analyzing the way in which the press as one of the governmental blocks participates in the maintenance of public space because of itself and represents the citizens, shows the level of public discussion quality and community information. The right of society to receive information is political since the awareness guarantees the realization of universal freedom; the purification of press links with civil society is important as a theoretical basis when examining the role of media in the periods of societal changes.

The purpose of the article is to attract attention to the role of press and its meaning in the context of civil society in one of the developmental stages of democracy. After the social structure had changed in Lithuania, as in other post soviet countries where the totalitarian ideology deformed the concepts of truth and identity, the need and expectations of psychological security to create a better future were directly related to the press. On the grounds of political philosophy, the imperative of public space as an imperative of a basic democracy institution which appears when the members of community create and support it, is analyzed. Analyzing the way in which the press as one of the governmental blocks participates in the maintenance of public space because of itself and represents the citizens, shows the level of public discussion quality and community information. The right of society to receive information is political since the awareness guarantees the realization of universal freedom; the purification of press links with civil society is important as a theoretical basis when examining the role of media in the periods of societal changes.

The purpose of the article is to attract attention to the role of press and its meaning in the context of civil society in one of the developmental stages of democracy. After the social structure had changed in Lithuania, as in other post soviet countries where the totalitarian ideology deformed the concepts of truth and identity, the need and expectations of psychological security to create a better future were directly related to the press. On the grounds of political philosophy, the imperative of public space as an imperative of a basic democracy institution which appears when the members of community create and support it, is analyzed. Analyzing the way in which the press as one of the governmental blocks participates in the maintenance of public space because of itself and represents the citizens, shows the level of public discussion quality and community information. The right of society to receive information is political since the awareness guarantees the realization of universal freedom; the purification of press links with civil society is important as a theoretical basis when examining the role of media in the periods of societal changes.

Straipsnio tikslas – nagrinėti specifinį spaudos vaidmenį viename iš visuomenės raidos etapų: kuriantis naujai socialinei struktūrai, pilietinei bendruomenei ir jai aktyviai dalyvaujant pirmoje viešosios srities raidos pakopoje. Lietuvoje, kaip ir kitose posovietinėse šalyse, kuriose totalitarinės ideologijos dominavimas deformavo tiesos ir identiteto sampratas, keičiantis visuomeninei struktūrai, psichologinio saugumo poreikis ir lūkesčiai, kuriant geresnę ateitį, buvo susiję su spauda, tuo laikotarpiu atlikusia kompensuojamąją funkciją. Įvykiai Rytų Europoje, buvusioje Sovietų sąjungoje iki 1990-ųjų skatino ginkluotus konfliktus. "Dainuojanti revoliucija" Baltijos valstybėse tyrėjų vertinama politinės raidos modelio aspektu. "Nacionalizmas be žiaurumo" suvokiamas kaip fenomenas, sąlygotas baltų istorinio ir kultūrinio paveldo, palyginti su agresyviu serbų, kroatų, kaukaziečių nacionalizmu, pasireiškusiu išsivaduojant iš sovietinio "tautų kapinyno".Neginkluotą nacionalinį pasipriešinimo judėjimą ir skirtingų visuomenės grupių Lietuvoje, Latvijoje ir Estijoje dialogą organizavo ir rėmė laisvėjanti spauda. Visuomenės informavimo priemonių, kaip įtakingos socialinės jėgos, analizė; spaudos, mobilizuojančios, koordinuojančios ir drąsinančios žmones atvirai reikšti savo nuomonę, vaidmens identifikavimas bus naudingas tolesnei tyrimų, nagrinėjančių Lietuvos atgimimo spaudą ir jos raidos etapus 1988–1991 metais, eigai. Visuomenės teisė gauti informaciją yra politinė, spaudos sąsajų su pilietine visuomene kontekstualizavimas svarbus kaip teorinis pagrindas, tiriant medijų funkcijas bei uždavinius demokratėjant visuomenei ir palankios piliečių sąmoningumui vystytis kuriant aplinką. Ši tema nėra tirta, XX a. devintojo dešimtmečio Lietuvos žiniasklaida apžvelgiama tik istoriografinės analizės aspektu, nepakanka dėmesio laisvėjančiam žiniasklaidos diskursui ir jo įtakai vertybių kaitos požiūriu.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: visuomeniniai pokyčiai, spaudos vaidmuo, spaudos laisvė, žurnalistinė atsakomybė, viešoji erdvė, piliečiai.Media, change and civil societyJolita Linkevičiūtė-Rimavičienė
SummaryThe purpose of the article is to attract attention to the role of press and its meaning in the context of civil society in one of the developmental stages of democracy. After the social structure had changed in Lithuania, as in other post soviet countries where the totalitarian ideology deformed the concepts of truth and identity, the need and expectations of psychological security to create a better future were directly related to the press.On the grounds of political philosophy, the imperative of public space as an imperative of a basic democracy institution which appears when the members of community create and support it, is analyzed. Analyzing the way in which the press as one of the governmental blocks participates in the maintenance of public space because of itself and represents the citizens, shows the level of public discussion quality and community information. The right of society to receive information is political since the awareness guarantees the realization of universal freedom; the purification of press links with civil society is important as a theoretical basis when examining the role of media in the periods of societal changes.