Parliaments and politics during the Cromwellian protectorate
In: Cambridge studies in early modern British history
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In: Cambridge studies in early modern British history
In: Parliamentary history, Band 39, Heft 3, S. 486-489
ISSN: 1750-0206
In: Parliamentary history, Band 38, Heft 2, S. 293-295
ISSN: 1750-0206
Presentation on Canada's Open Government Portal. For the National Data Services Framework Summit 2019.
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In: Parliamentary history, Band 36, Heft 3, S. 298-313
ISSN: 1750-0206
AbstractThe Scottish Union Bill introduced to the second Protectorate Parliament in October 1656 was based on the union ordinance of 1654, but it was then subjected to wide‐ranging amendments over the next few months. These amendments made many concessions to the Scots, including recognizing their separate legal system and the rights of the burghs, and allowing an expansion of free trade. This article explores the implications of these changes to the constitutional relationship between the two nations, and identifies the changes with a programme of reform championed by the Scottish council, led by Lord Broghill. The fate of the Union Bill thus became linked to the wider reform movement that saw the replacement of the Instrument of Government with the more moderate, civilian constitution known as the Humble Petition and Advice in the spring of 1657.
In: Parliamentary history, Band 34, Heft 2, S. 260-261
ISSN: 1750-0206
In: Parliamentary history, Band 31, Heft 3, S. 313-331
ISSN: 1750-0206
The 30 MPs elected for Scotland in the Cromwellian parliaments of 1654, 1656 and 1659 have often been seen as government‐sponsored placemen, foisted on constituencies by the military. Some were Scottish collaborators, but most were English carpetbaggers. Restrictions on voter qualifications, designed to weed out suspected royalists, and opposition to English rule among the Scots, further contributed to what has been described as the antithesis of representation, a 'hollow sham'. This article revisits the question of Scottish representation in this period through the analysis of the surviving indentures for the shire elections of 1656. These documents – of which 17 of the 20 survive – give the date of election, the name of the presiding officer (usually the sheriff) and details of principal electors, often with signatures and seals attached. Four constituencies are used as case studies: Peeblesshire and Selkirkshire, Ayrshire and Renfrewshire, Perthshire, and Fife and Kinross. Each constituency had a distinct response to Cromwellian rule and to the parliamentary elections, but general themes emerge: the restrictions on voters were totally ignored; direct interference by the English authorities was rare; and the elections were dominated by local political and religious disputes between the Scots themselves. This analysis further suggests that there was no unified Scottish interest at this time, that local differences overrode other considerations, and that in many cases, choosing an Englishman as MP could be the least controversial option, as well as that most likely to secure influence at Westminster.
In: Parliamentary history, Band 31, Heft 2, S. 240-240
ISSN: 1750-0206
In: The RUSI journal: publication of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, Band 156, Heft 1, S. 34-38
ISSN: 1744-0378
In: The RUSI journal: independent thinking on defence and security, Band 156, Heft 1, S. 34-38
ISSN: 0307-1847
World Affairs Online
In: The RUSI journal: publication of the Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, Band 154, Heft 3, S. 10-16
ISSN: 1744-0378
In: The RUSI journal: independent thinking on defence and security, Band 154, Heft 3, S. 10-16
ISSN: 0307-1847
World Affairs Online
In: Parliamentary history, Band 23, Heft 3, S. 336-356
ISSN: 1750-0206
In: Parliaments and Politics during the Cromwellian Protectorate, S. 171-196
In: Parliaments and Politics during the Cromwellian Protectorate, S. 102-126