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"Technology transfer studies are usually framed through Economics and Management Sciences, but this volume Geography of Technology Transfer in China seeks to reveal the mechanism of technology transfer from the geographical perspective. It not only depicts the spatial evolution laws of glocal technology transfer networks, but also uses regression models to uncover the two-way effects between the networks and innovative capacity. In addition, this book highlights the integration and interaction of networks on both the global and local scales. A theoretical framework on glocal networks of technology transfer is established based on a series of economic geography bases in order to depict the spatial differences and coupling mechanism among multi-scaled networks in China. This book consists of 5 parts and 10 chapters, which illustrate the background, theoretical basis, spatial evolution, dual-way influences, and policy implications of technology transfer in China, presenting a clear structure both theoretically and empirically. The book begins with the "what", "why", and "how" questions behind geographical studies on technology transfer to clarify the purpose of the book and its differentiation from present technology transfer studies. Thereafter, it discusses the "holy trinity" framework of glocal technology transfer networks consisting of cultural, territorial, and networked subsystems. To this end, the spatial evolution of the technology transfer is highlighted through soical network analysis, which aims at depicting the geographical rules of China's technology transfer networks at global, domestic, and regional scales. Based on these discoveries, the next part of the book further analyzes, through a series of regression models such as ERGM and NBRM, the kinds of determinants which have influenced the network size and how the network has in turn affected local innovation capacity . Lastly, the policy implications connect the findings of empirical studies with the operability of the national innovation system. On the whole, this book extensively covers the theoretical, empirical, and practical applications of the geography of technology transfer in China."

AbstractTo date, comparative research of multiple urban networks are constantly emerging, but the relationship between virtual networks and physical networks still remains a riddle to be discovered. To step into this field, we used flight data and patent transaction data of prefecture‐level cities in China from 2010 to 2015 to construct the aviation network and the innovation network. After conducting a comparative study, we found that the structure of these two networks is different: the aviation network is a "hub‐and‐spoke network" structure while the innovation network is a diamond‐shaped structure; the spatial organization pattern of the aviation network is decentralized, while the innovation network shows a high geographic agglomeration; furthermore, the connectivity of the aviation network contributes to the balanced regional development, but that of the innovation network shows a preferred trend, with more concentration given to the development of eastern China. Finally, we also found that the innovation network and the aviation network are not completely interdependent, which reveals that the coupling relationship between the "virtual network" and the "physical network" in the urban network is also affected by other factors.

AbstractThere is consensus among scholars that social networks are important mechanisms of knowledge spillovers. By occupying a central and advantageous network position in the collaboration network, it is easy for actors to access intangible external resources. However, empirical studies of the impact of network structure on knowledge production remain scarce. Based on copublication data from the Web of Science database (WoS) from 2000 to 2015, we construct eleven international scientific collaboration networks and empirically estimate the impacts of multiple network properties, comprehensively measured by degree centrality, structure holes, and small‐world quotient, on national knowledge output. Empirical results based on fixed effect negative binomial models suggest positive effects of the three facets of network properties, that is, higher degree centrality, structural holes, and small‐world quotient are beneficial for facilitating and improving national knowledge production, which in turn encourages international academic collaboration.

AbstractInternational knowledge flows have become increasingly common and more frequent and are a key driving force promoting the development of global science. However, little attention has been paid to the determinants of international scientific collaboration. Using co‐publication data from the Web of Science database in the period 2000–2014, this paper illustrates spatial patterns of international knowledge flows and estimates the impact of geographical, technological, social, and cultural proximity on the variation of inter‐country collaboration in science. Our findings demonstrate that the coefficients of the four dimensions of proximity are positive and significant in panel estimates and cross‐section estimates—international knowledge flows are facilitated by geographical, technological, social, and cultural proximity. We also find that the effect of geographical and cultural proximity have waned over time, while the impact of social and technological proximity have strengthened.

This research utilises an improved dynamic panel model to investigate the environmental effect of different technological resources in the big three regions of China, i.e. the eastern, western and central regions, from 1990 to 2014. The results show that research and development (R&D) capital stock contributes the most to the reduction of carbon emissions, whether at the national or provincial level, but physical capital stock results in an evident increment of carbon emissions in the three regions, especially in eastern China. Human capital stock, on the other hand, causes some mitigation in eastern and central China, except for western China. The spillover of international technology stock from foreign direct investment has less effect on carbon emission abatement than does import trade, though there are distinct regional differences. (China/GIGA)