Suchergebnisse

As the economic center of China, Shanghai has achieved 8.2% of GDP increasing in 2011, and the GDP per capital reached $ 12 784, which is close to the level of some developed countries. Meanwhile, its urbanization rate has been 89% in 2009, the whole city is going through severe economic and spatial transformation and requalification. This paper aims to take EXPO 2010 as a case to interpret the strategic logic, institutional arrangement and planning procedures in Shanghai in recent years. The EXPO 2010 might be an extreme case not only because it is a public project in a very big scale, but also because it is the first time of a developing country holding EXPO, which gives this project political meaning - a successful EXPO is required for its international reputation. But it is exactly such a project that could reveal its real motivation, its institutional arrangement which the city considered as the most efficient, and the innovation of planning procedures which could be the paradigm of the future practice. The first part of the paper will introduce the identity card and the chronology of EXPO 2010, also the economic situation and spatial planning documents will be presented to help us understand the strategic purpose of EXPO 2010: it is a good opportunity for the city to transfer it economic structure from industrialization to post-industrialization, to revive the inner city, to integrate both sides of the important River crossing the city - Huangpu River, and to redefine Huangpu River as a symbol of post industrialization. In the succeeding parts, the leading strategy of pre-post strategy will be introduced: the planner stretched the planning effective date to 2020 when a world city is expected, and made the design backwards. In this way, the planning structure, the infrastructure and a big percentage of building which are constructed for EXPO 2010 will be directly put into operation after EXPO. In the institutional aspect, the urban government seems to play a role of developer: they turn the degraded industrial and residential land into prepared culture, business and top-class residential land, and release it to private developer again. In the planning procedure aspect, the chief planners, the decision makers and the implemental planner for the first time work closely, to make sure the plan could instruct the projects. Lastly, the theoretical base, breakthrough and criticisms will be discussed based on this case.

Il s'agit d'une étude de cas relative à une innovation importante dans la fourniture de soins de santé aux ruraux pauvres: le régime Yeshasvini d'assurance maladie pour les agriculteurs et les paysans au Karnataka, en Inde. Ce régime, sans doute le régime d'assurance maladie le plus important du monde pour les ruraux pauvres, a vu le jour en 2003. Conçu de manière à surmonter plusieurs obstacles liés à la fourniture d'une sécurité de la santé aux populations rurales, le régime couvrait, lors de sa seconde année, environ 2,2 millions d'agriculteurs très dispersés pour les soins chirurgicaux et ambulatoires en contrepartie d'une faible cotisation annuelle d'environ 2 USD. Dans cet article, nous allons décrire et évaluer le régime au cours de sa première année de fonctionnement, puis explorerons son potentiel à devenir un modèle pour le monde en développement en général.

Diese Fallstudie befasst sich mit einer wichtigen Neuerung bei der Gesundheitsversorgung für Arme in ländlichen Gebieten, dem Yeshasvini‐Krankenversicherungssystem für Bauern und Landarbeiter im indischen Bundesstaat Karnataka. Das wohl weltgrößte Krankenversicherungs‐system für Arme in ländlichen Gebieten wurde im Jahre 2003 eingeführt und so ausgestaltet, dass mehrere Hindernisse für den Gesundheitsschutz der ländlichen Bevölkerung überwunden wurden. In seinem zweiten Jahr versicherte es zu einer geringen Jahresprämie von rund 2 Dollar rund 2,2 Millionen weit verstreute Bauern für chirurgische und ambulante Behandlungen. In dieser Abhandlung wird das System in seinem ersten Betriebsjahr beschrieben und bewertet und dessen Potenzial als Modell für die Entwicklungsländer ganz allgemein untersucht.

Es éste un estudio de caso de una importante innovación en lo que respecta al suministro de atención de salud a los pobres de las zonas rurales: el Régimen Yeshasvini de Seguro de Salud destinado a los labradores y campesinos de Karnataka, India. Este régimen se inició en 2003 y el razonamiento lleva a argüir que se trata del plan de seguro de salud más amplio del mundo. En su segundo año, este régimen diseñado en formas tales que vencen varios obstáculos para la provisión de seguridad sanitaria a las poblaciones rurales, ha cubierto la asistencia quirúrgica y ambulatoria de aproximadamente 2,2 millones de agricultores muy dispersos, a cambio de una baja prima anual de aproximadamente 2 dólares estadounidenses. En el presente artículo describimos y evaluamos dicho régimen en su primer año de funcionamiento y exploramos sus posibilidades de convertirse en un modelo general para el mundo en desarrollo.

This article analyses the relationship between robotisation, quality of employment and workers' happiness by using the 2018 data of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey. The study reveals that robotisation has an impact on workers' happiness and that quality of employment has a related moderating effect. Robotisation tends to increase retained workers' income and improves labour security at the expense of laid-off workers, resulting in increased working hours and reduced work autonomy. In one perspective, workers are controlled and alienated by robotisation. Factories however stabilise workers' motivation by increasing workers' wages and improving their labour security. The effect of robotisation on workers' happiness is enhanced by the increase in wage income but limited by the increase in working hours. The influence of robotisation on different skilled workers is heterogeneous; specifically, the effect on low-skilled workers is even greater than the average. Therefore, dealing with the dynamic changes of the relationship among the state, capital and workers is of paramount importance in order to realise the harmonious development of man–machine. (China / GIGA)