Suchergebnisse

We developed a scale to assess college students' problematic use of social networking services (SNSs). We conducted qualitative research to identify the constructs of the scale, which comprised five dimensions: (a) attention state, (b) impaired social function, (c) withdrawal, (d) tolerance,
and (e) deviant behavior. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of a pretest with 300 students, 25 items were retained in the final version of the scale. In the main study with 1,030 students, we confirmed that the Problematic Social Networking Services Use Scale (PSUS) had
good reliability and validity. Specifically, the 1-month test–retest reliability coefficient was .681. There was a moderate correlation between the PSUS and Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction and the value of the average variance extracted check was .54 (> .50).
The PSUS may, therefore, be valuable as an instrument for screening problematic student users of SNSs, and formulating intervention plans.

Capitalization is an interpersonal process where one shares personal positive events with others and receives benefits beyond that event's effect. The response a capitalizer perceives from the recipient determines the success of this process. The Perceived Responses to Capitalization
Attempts Scale (PRCAS) is an English-language measure used to assess a capitalizer's perception of a recipient's responses. We tested the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity of the Chinese version of the PRCAS with a sample of 1,213 Chinese college students.
Factor analyses replicated the 4-factor model of active–constructive response, passive–constructive response, active–destructive response, and passive–destructive response. All subscales possessed satisfactory internal consistency and evidence for concurrent validity
with measures of feeling, flourishing, self-esteem, and mental health symptoms. We also assessed the test–retest stability of the PRCAS with a separate sample of 119 Chinese college students, and found that the subscales possessed low test–retest reliability. Therefore, the Chinese
PRCAS possessed acceptable psychometric properties.

AbstractWe evaluate the impact that the USDA's low‐cost broadband loan programs have on the U.S. agricultural sector. The broadband loan programs increase access to high‐speed Internet in recipient communities, which can raise farm sales by increasing both farm output and prices received by producers. Further, high‐speed Internet may drive down costs by providing information on cheaper inputs and better management practices, leading to an overall improvement in farm profits. Using U.S. county‐level data on farm sales and expenditures in 2000 and 2007, we employ an inverse probability weighting technique to control for endogenous selection in an econometric model that also accounts for spatial dependence. We find that the two USDA broadband loan programs have had positive causal impacts on farm sales, expenditures, and profits in a subset of rural counties—those adjacent to metropolitan counties—but not in other types of counties.

We examined the effect of priming with attachment security on positive affect among 54 dependent individuals with depression and 51 self-critical individuals with depression. Participants received attachment security priming after they had completed the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire
and the Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results showed that dependent individuals experienced greater positive affect after priming, whereas there was no significant change in positive affect among self-critical individuals. These findings indicate that the 2 types of depression have distinct
development and change paths as regards positive affect, as well as different impact factors. Future researchers could further explore the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral differences between individuals with the 2 types of depression, to help improve clinical interventions.

In a recent study Liu, Smeesters, and Vohs (2011) found that money primes reactance, as defined by oppositional behavior. This reactance does not necessarily imply autonomy, or the reflective endorsement of one's actions. We posited, however, that by protecting personal choice from
social influence money-primed reactance may help ensure autonomy under conditions of strong social pressure. To test this, we adapted Asch's (1956) conformity setup. We found that although money-primed reactance in control trials in which the majority provided correct responses, this effect
vanished in critical trials in which the majority provided incorrect answers. These results suggest that the reactance primed by money does not help maintain autonomy under strong social pressure but may only be a compensatory behavior that reflects a heightened need for autonomy.