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This article extends the geopolitical theory on geographical stratification to understand the persistent inequality in access to higher education in contemporary China. Drawing on empirical evidence on the geographical distribution of institutions, and differentiated admissions and recruitment processes, I examine how political and institutional arrangements shaped opportunity structures in access to higher education for students from different geographical origins. I conclude that the state's decentralised governance gave the eastern area more power and advantages while the students from the poor western and central regions suffered a lack of opportunities in achieving upward social mobility through higher education.

Looks at conflicts of interest between central and local government, and at competition for foreign investment projects. (ODA)

While the widespread use of mobile services offers a variety of benefits to mobile users, it also raises serious privacy concerns. We report the results of a user study that investigated the factors that influence the decision-making process pertaining to the trade-off between privacy and utility in mobile services. Through two focus groups, 16 individual interviews and a questionnaire survey involving 60 participants, the study identified awareness and knowledge of privacy risks, trust in service providers, desire for mobile services, and belief of cyber privacy as four factors that contribute to the perceived trade-off. The results also suggest that, with appropriate adoption, privacy-preserving tools can positively influence the privacy trade-off. In addition, our findings explore the cultural differences regarding privacy between participants from western countries (with the UK as the main representative) and China. In particular, the results suggest that participants from China are more likely to be comfortable with a government department protecting their individual privacy, while participants from western countries are more likely to wish to see such responsibility reside with some combination of individuals and non-governmental organisations.

This empirical study takes a cognitive perspective and examines the translation of metaphors in speeches by Chinese President Xi Jinping as collected in the first volume of the book The Governance of China published in 2014. The study draws upon Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory (1980) and Newmark's categories of translation procedure for metaphors (1980). The researchers' data analysis has shown that (1) four out of the eight existing translation procedures for metaphors are employed in translating Xi's metaphors; and (2) while the use of one translation procedure reflects similar cognitive mapping conditions between the source and the target culture, the use of the other procedures does not always correlate with the similarities or differences in cognitive mappings between the two cultures in question. The research raises new inquiries regarding metaphor translation and the researchers accordingly discuss the implications of their findings for metaphor translation pedagogy and future translation studies.

With the rapid urbanization and the sharp increasing of the amount of official identification cultural heritages, the Chinese government and public are paying more attention to the regional comprehensive preservation, exhibition and utilization of the cultural heritages in recent years. "General Plan for Regional Cultural Heritage Preservation" offers a new systematic conservating solution for the cluster of cultural heritages in an administrative region. For the past few years, lots of new spatial information technologies have been applied in the preservation of cultural heritages, which tremendously improved the level and effectiveness of cultural heritage recording, management, monitoring and exhibition. This article will focus on discussing the methods and applying prospect of the technologies of geographic information system, 3D laser scanning, photogrammetry modeling in general planning for regional cultural heritage preservation and utilization. In recent years, with the continuous development of cultural heritage preservation in China, an increasing number of provinces and cities began to organize General Plans for regional cultural heritage preservation (hereinafter called "General Plan"), through which local governments are able to control the risk and improve the preservation level of cultural heritage (IAH, 2004). This paper will introduce the working framework of the General Plan and the core problems to be solved, and then analyze the application mode and prospect of spatial information technology in the General Plan.

With the rapid urbanization and the sharp increasing of the amount of official identification cultural heritages, the Chinese government and public are paying more attention to the regional comprehensive preservation, exhibition and utilization of the cultural heritages in recent years. "General Plan for Regional Cultural Heritage Preservation" offers a new systematic conservating solution for the cluster of cultural heritages in an administrative region. For the past few years, lots of new spatial information technologies have been applied in the preservation of cultural heritages, which tremendously improved the level and effectiveness of cultural heritage recording, management, monitoring and exhibition. This article will focus on discussing the methods and applying prospect of the technologies of geographic information system, 3D laser scanning, photogrammetry modeling in general planning for regional cultural heritage preservation and utilization. In recent years, with the continuous development of cultural heritage preservation in China, an increasing number of provinces and cities began to organize General Plans for regional cultural heritage preservation (hereinafter called "General Plan"), through which local governments are able to control the risk and improve the preservation level of cultural heritage (IAH, 2004). This paper will introduce the working framework of the General Plan and the core problems to be solved, and then analyze the application mode and prospect of spatial information technology in the General Plan.

This empirical study takes a cognitive perspective and examines the translation of metaphors in speeches by Chinese President Xi Jinping as collected in the first volume of the book The Governance of China published in 2014. The study draws upon Lakoff and Johnson's Conceptual Metaphor Theory (1980) and Newmark's categories of translation procedure for metaphors (1980). The researchers' data analysis has shown that (1) four out of the eight existing translation procedures for metaphors are employed in translating Xi's metaphors; and (2) while the use of one translation procedure reflects similar cognitive mapping conditions between the source and the target culture, the use of the other procedures does not always correlate with the similarities or differences in cognitive mappings between the two cultures in question. The research raises new inquiries regarding metaphor translation and the researchers accordingly discuss the implications of their findings for metaphor translation pedagogy and future translation studies.

Purpose of review In the past decade, China has made remarkable achievements in the development of renewable energies. This article adopts a geographical perspective for China's current wave of renewable energy transitions, by viewing the transition outcomes through the lenses of spatial clustering and socio-spatial embeddedness. Recent findings We find that many renewable energy industry clusters have emerged nationwide and different patterns are uncovered for the clustering in extant literature, either through bottom-up agglomeration around pioneering enterprises, or driven by top-down government strategy and planning. There is scant research on the reconfiguration of socio-spatial arrangements, which is an important but very often neglected facet of energy transitions. We further discuss the regional disparities in China's renewable energy development, in which resource-rich regions are mainly in the north part of China, while central, eastern, and southern regions possess substantial advantages in fostering industry clusters. Summary In the end, we propose two avenues for future research: firstly, to explore why different clustering patterns emerge in a certain region but not in another, and what implications these cases of clustering can draw for other regions in China or other latecomer countries; secondly, to uncover how renewable energy application and popularization shape local socio-spatial arrangements.

Yes ; This paper presents a new control strategy for stochastic distribution shape tracking regarding non-Gaussian stochastic non-linear systems. The objective can be summarised as adjusting the probability density function (PDF) of the system output to any given desired distribution. In order to achieve this objective, the system output PDF has first been formulated analytically, which is time-variant. Then, the PDF vectorisation has been implemented to simplify the model description. Using the vector-based representation, the system identification and control design have been performed to achieve the PDF tracking. In practice, the PDF evolution is difficult to implement in real-time, thus a data-driven extension has also been discussed in this paper, where the vector-based model can be obtained using kernel density estimation (KDE) with the real-time data. Furthermore, the stability of the presented control design has been analysed, which is validated by a numerical example. As an extension, the multi-output stochastic systems have also been discussed for joint PDF tracking using the proposed algorithm, and the perspectives of advanced controller have been discussed. The main contribution of this paper is to propose: (1) a new sampling-based PDF transformation to reduce the modelling complexity, (2) a data-driven approach for online implementation without model pre-training, and (3) a feasible framework to integrate the existing control methods. ; This paper is partly supported by National Science Foundation of China under Grants (61603262 and 62073226), Liaoning Province Natural Science Joint Foundation in Key Areas (2019- KF-03-08), Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (20180550418), Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program, i5 Intelligent Manufacturing Institute Fund of Shenyang Institute of Technology (i5201701), Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Funds of Liaoning Province (2021JH6/10500137).

Die Prozesskette zur Herstellung von bronzegebundenen Schleifwerkzeugen umfasst die Schritte Mischen, Einformen, Vorverdichten und Sintern. Die Konzeption und Optimierung dieser Schritte basiert bisher hauptsächlich auf implizitem Erfahrungswissen. Angesichts der großen Anzahl an vorhandenen Pulverpartikeln ist eine analytische Untersuchung der Herstellungsprozesskette nicht geeignet. Die numerische Simulation bietet eine kosten- und zeitsparende Alternative. In diesem Beitrag wird die Simulation der Prozesskette mithilfe der DEM- und FEM-Simulation vorgestellt.
 
Manufacturing of bronze-bonded tools includes the steps of mixing, molding, pressing and sintering. The design and the optimization of these steps has so far mainly been based on experience. With regard to the large number of powder particles, an analytical investigation of the powder metallurgical processes is not suitable. Numerical simulation offers a cost and time saving alternative. In this article, the simulation of the process chain with the help of DEM and FEM simulation is introduced.

© 2018 Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Previous studies have investigated whether Chinese exports have crowded out those from other countries. However, what has yet to be considered is the evidence based on different quality varieties. Using the most detailed Harmonized System 9-digit product-level data, the present paper provides evidence of crowding-out and crowded-out effects across different product quality segments and across manufacturing sectors by quality segments. The empirical evidence presented in this paper shows that the crowding-out effects of Chinese exports have been greatest at the lower end of the quality spectrum but less significant at the higher quality spectrum. Moreover, since 2007, China's own exports of lower quality manufactured goods have been increasingly crowded out. The key policy implication is that China's export path is in line with that taken by other Asian economies in previous decades; the crowded-out effect could achieve win–win outcomes for countries involved; and lower income countries would do well to be open to receive those relocated low value-added industries from China. However, the relocation policy in China is best implemented gradually as climbing up the product quality ladder takes time.

Recent years have witnessed the proliferation of urban experiments responding to low-carbon and sustainable transitions. There is a tendency of prioritizing the role of government interventions in transitions while neglecting the agency of other parties. This tendency is especially true in China, where an authoritarian governance dominates the transition process. The Rizhao case, however, exhibited a distinct bottom-up pattern in the early-stage development of solar water heater (SWH) technology, when both the civil society and the market were still immature. Through this rare case of urban energy transitions in China, this study looks into the sociotechnical experiments from the bottom-up. The study shows that before the intervention of local governments, a niche market of SWH technology was established and consolidated successfully in Rizhao through the mutual effects of both resident-led social experimentation and entrepreneur-led technological experimentation. The study further uncovers that in a less-developed civil society in China, the diffusion of novel innovations relied heavily on interpersonal social networks.