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he economic concept of networks refers to the structure of agents` interaction as well as to the economic property of positive externalities. This book describes the economics of networks from various perspectives among which are¤ classical approaches, methods derived from physics, theory of evolutionary games, and experimental economics. These different views shed a new light on the behaviour and interaction of economic agents, on networks and on related phenomena: e.g., emergence of stable macro structures from micro interactions, standardisation, diffusion, preservation of diversity, role of heterogeneity, local learning, surplus creation and surplus allocation. The book present¤s the state of the art and offers a unique opportunity to understand specific networks phenomena through different theoretical and experimental approaches.

International audience ; The paths via which university-generated knowledge reaches final users and creates value are traditionally considered to be the supply-side channels of the commercialisation of inventions, consultancy, and R&D contracts. Yet, this focus limits universities to being "providers" of knowledge and technology for industrial applications and fails to account for the diversity of mechanisms responsible for the diffusion of academic activities. This paper aims to complete the existing understanding of the contribution made by universities to the corporate innovation process by recognising the impact of university demand on the innovative performance of firms in the scientific value chain. We study the impact of a large French public university on the innovative performance of its suppliers of scientific equipment. We perform micro-econometric analyses showing that university suppliers have a higher propensity to introduce new-to-the-market product innovations than do other firms belonging to the same sectors and with similar characteristics. Our results provide support to the conjecture that innovations and technological changes are the result not only of scientific and technical discoveries, but also of a complex chain reaction triggered by the interplay between specific demands and solutions designed to overcome technology bottlenecks.

International audience ; The paths via which university-generated knowledge reaches final users and creates value are traditionally considered to be the supply-side channels of the commercialisation of inventions, consultancy, and R&D contracts. Yet, this focus limits universities to being "providers" of knowledge and technology for industrial applications and fails to account for the diversity of mechanisms responsible for the diffusion of academic activities. This paper aims to complete the existing understanding of the contribution made by universities to the corporate innovation process by recognising the impact of university demand on the innovative performance of firms in the scientific value chain. We study the impact of a large French public university on the innovative performance of its suppliers of scientific equipment. We perform micro-econometric analyses showing that university suppliers have a higher propensity to introduce new-to-the-market product innovations than do other firms belonging to the same sectors and with similar characteristics. Our results provide support to the conjecture that innovations and technological changes are the result not only of scientific and technical discoveries, but also of a complex chain reaction triggered by the interplay between specific demands and solutions designed to overcome technology bottlenecks.

Zusammenfassung von Diskussionsbeiträgen eines Kolloquiums frankophoner Wirtschaftswissenschaftler (Straßburg, Mai 1983) zum Thema "Wandel des Produktionssystems und Wirtschaftskrise. "La crise acutelle n'est plus interpretee comme une simple instabilite passagere du regime de croissance anterieur mais comme le revelateur d'une mutation radicale des structures productives, voire de la regulation economique toute entiere." (fr)