Suchergebnisse

Institutional constraints -- Institutional reform and economic changes -- Service organization reform -- Enforcement styles and effectiveness -- Enforcement styles : regional variations -- Enforcement styles : changes over time -- Environmental agencies and public opinion -- Public participation and environmental impact assessment -- Environmental NGOs -- Corporate responses to stakeholder pressure -- Agency responses to stakeholder support and pressure

As the author sees it, the criminal prosecution of dissident intellectuals in mainland China is basically a function of the monolithic rule demanded by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) leadership, and the legal protection offered by the legal system. He shows that the criminal prosecution of the dissidents participating in the 1989 democracy movement was heavily shaped by the CCP's perception of the incident. The Party's concept of "counterrevolution" was of secondary importance, and was strictly a tool for dispensing the CCP's version of "criminal justice". (DÜI-Sen)

According to the author, there was never as tough a test for the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) commitment to law as the 1989 democratic movement triggered by the death of Hu Yaobang, the disgraced former party general secretary, which culminated in the massacre by the military in Beijing on 4 June 1989, followed by a nationwide political and ideological purge. The study inquires whether that crisis has shattered hopes for socialist modernization in general and a legal order in particular in the PRC. It also discusses legal versus political means to solve the 1989 crisis. (DÜI-Sen)

Contrary to the official Chinese rhetoric about vesting more autonomy in public-sector service organizations and distancing them from local state agencies, increasing recentralization and bureaucratization of the service organizations are occurring. As an example, following several rounds of reforms, the public-sector service organizations in the environmental protection system in Guangzhou have either been directly integrated into the city's Environmental Protection Bureau or brought under greater control by the Bureau. This article examines the process and the underlying reasons and analyzes what this case study explains about important generalizable trends in China's local state-building. (China J/GIGA)