AbstractSince 1991, policing in Slovenia has been characterized by several police reforms aimed at bringing the police closer to the western democratic style of policing. Initial reforms were symbolic, but important: they involved the renaming of the former militia (milica) to the police (policija) and the changing of insignias. Institutional reform reached its milestone in 1998 with the adoption of the new Police Act, which significantly changed police powers and introduced a civilian oversight of policing. The General Police Directorate became an autonomous body within the Ministry of the Interior. The year 2013 saw the adoption of new police legislation aimed at achieving decentralization, defining cooperation between the police and local communities by emphasizing problem-solving, community policing and intelligence-led policing. All legislative changes and efforts to improve policing in Slovenia are reflected in police training and the level of education required for entering the police increased from secondary school to a higher education qualification. Studies on efforts related to police reforms are also presented.
Policing multicultural communities presents challenges for contemporary policing. Historically and currently, the interactions between police and multicultural communities are often strained due to language barriers, cultural misperceptions on both sides, fear of outside authority figures on the part of marginalized groups etc. The Roma population, Europe's largest minority, is a target of persistent persecution from each and every power in history and even in the present times, not only in countries that lack democratic tradition, but also in countries which consider themselves cradles of democracy. The first record of the Roma people in Slovenia goes back to the 14th century. Statistics show that approximately 3.200 Roma people live in Slovenia, but the actual number varies between 11.000 and 12.000. In Slovenia, the Roma community is a minority community recognized by the Constitution as a special community or minority with particular ethnic and cultural characteristics (its own language, culture and history). The constitutional provision was realized by the adoption of the Roma Community in the Republic of Slovenia Act (2007). Slovenia is among those European countries that include Roma in the management of public affairs at the local level (as Roma councillors). The relation between the police and Roma communities is crucial in many ways. Roma are often the target of racially motivated discrimination and violence. Being one of the most exposed pieces of the state apparatus, the police are implicated in Roma issue. Locally, they deal with security issues involving Roma people being lawbreakers as well as victims on a daily basis. As in other countries, in Slovenia too, police have adopted community policing philosophies and practices. It is important to prepare and train those public servants who have regular contact with members of the Roma community. In this context, training of police officers focuses on understanding and overcoming discrimination, prejudice and stereotypes. In 2003 in the Policy Academy started the project "Policing in a multi-ethnic community". The objectives of such training courses were to make police officers aware of their own prejudices, to introduce them Roma culture and traditions, (to understand the importance of a comprehensive approach, to evaluate ways of managing security events and to understand the importance of dialogue. The aim of the project was also to inform inhabitants of certain Roma settlements about legislative provisions concerning typical offences in certain areas and thus non-criminal incidents, causing discomfort to the neighbouring population. In the past years, more than 1950 police officers have participated in this training. Roma councillors and other representatives of the Roma population also participate actively in such training events. The results are manifold: fewer offences, fewer occasions when policemen were unable to carry out relevant procedures, more offences and crimes reported by Roma themselves, and joint management (within individual competencies) of complex security events that might, were they not resolved in a timely manner, become serious crimes. ; Daugiakultūrinės bendruomenės saugumas kelia iššūkius šiuolaikiniam saugumui. Istoriškai ir šiuo metu sąveika tarp policijos ir daugiakultūrinės bendruomenės yra dažnai įtempta. Tai lemia kalbos barjeras, kultūriniai nesusipratimai, marginalijų grupių autoritetų baimė ir t. t. Romų populiacija, didžiausia Europos mažuma, yra kiekvienos valdžios nuolatinio persekiojimo objektas, netgi ir šiais laikais ne tik demokratijos stokojančiose šalyse, bet ir šalyse, kurios save laiko demokratijos lopšiu. Pirmas įrašas apie romų žmones Slovėnijoje rastas 14 a. Statistikos duomenimis, Slovėnijoje gyvena apytiksliai 3 200 romų, bet tikrasis jų skaičius svyruoja nuo 11 000 iki 12 000. Slovėnijoje romų bendruomenė yra mažuma, pripažįstama Konstitucijoje kaip speciali bendruomenė su tam tikromis etninėmis ir kultūrinėmis charakteristikomis (savo kalba, kultūra ir istorija). Slovėnija yra tarp tų Europos valstybių, kurios įtraukia romus į valstybinių reikalų valdymą vietiniu lygmeniu (pavyzdžiui, romų tarybos nariai). Santykis tarp policijos ir romų bendruomenės yra įtemptas daugeliu atvejų. Romai dažnai yra rasistinės diskriminacijos ir smurto taikiniai. Atsižvelgiant į tai, policija yra viena iš dalyvių sprendžiant romų problemas. Ji sprendžia saugumo problemas, apimančias tiek romus kaip įstatymų pažeidėjus, tiek kaip aukas. Slovėnijoje, kaip ir kitose šalyse, policija pritaikė bendruomenės saugumo koncepciją ir praktiką. Yra svarbu parengti ir mokyti šiuos visuomenės tarnautojus, kurie reguliariai turi bendrauti su romų bendruomenės nariais. Šiame kontekste policijos pareigūnų mokymas pagrįstas supratimu ir diskriminacijos, išankstinio nusistatymo ir stereotipų įveikimu. Policijos akademijoje 2003 m. pradėtas vykdyti projektas "Saugumas daugiaetninėje bendruomenėje". Šio mokymo tikslas – supažindinti policijos pareigūnus su romų kultūra ir tradicijomis. Projekto tikslu taip pat laikoma būtinybė informuoti tam tikrų romų gyvenviečių gyventojus apie įstatymų nuostatas, susijusias su teisės pažeidimais bei su nekriminaliniais incidentais, lemiančiais diskomfortą kaimyniniams gyventojams. Praėjusiais metais daugiau nei 1950 policijos pareigūnų dalyvavo šiuose mokymuose. Romų tarybos nariai ir kiti romų gyventojai taip pat juose aktyviai dalyvavo. Rezultatai yra akivaizdūs: mažiau kriminalinių nusikaltimų, mažiau įvykių, kai pareigūnai negalėjo atlikti reikalingų procedūrų, daugiau nusikaltimų ir įvykių, apie kuriuos pranešė patys romai.
The monograph on improving the response of first responders to domestic violence in Europe aims to identify gaps in the cooperation of first-line responders and deliver recommendations, toolkits and collaborative training for European police organizations and medical and social work professionals. The goal is to improve integrate institutional response to domestic violence. Shared training and adequate risk assessment tools will create a positive feedback loop, increasing reporting rates of domestic violence to police, the medical profession, and community and social work practitioners.
Background and Purpose Quality within a healthcare system does not comprise only actions defined through certificates or required by law, standards and protocols; it is also defined by the well-being of healthcare workers on the one hand and patients on the other. The purpose paper is to analyse the link between the engagement of nurses and factors related to enhancing patient quality and safety.
Methods The research involved 206 nursing employees from Slovenia's general hospitals. The questionnaire consists of four sections: employee engagement, the measure of self-efficacy, statements referring to various tools and methods that are used in nursing in daily work and that contribute to the quality of work, interpersonal relationships in the workplace between different professional groups within medical treatment, and attitude towards changes.
Results Compared to other professions, nursing employees showed an above-average level of engagement. Younger respondents were more engaged in their work, and their self-efficacy level was higher. The frequency of using tools intended to enhance the quality of nursing correlates statistically typically and positively with self-efficacy, engagement and willingness to accept change. The analysed factors are interdependent. Engagement results from workplace interactions; employees who feel better in their workplace will be more oriented towards the future, be more open to innovation, and use various tools and approaches to enhance the work's quality.
Conclusion Analysed concepts are closely connected and interdependent. The findings are essential for the successful and efficient management of hospitals and for ensuring patient quality and safety.
Radicalisation and extremism, with the potential to lead to violent extremism, are a constant security threat in modern democratic societies. In the last few decades, Europe generally and the Western Balkan countries in particular have been broadly viewed as a breeding ground for religious radicals and violent extremis It is becoming clear that radicalisation-prevention strategies must be locally oriented and harmonised at the international and interagency levels. It is intelligence agencies that deal with violent extremism since they are leading national security actors and operate using classified information. Nowadays, the police and other local stakeholders like local government, schools and NGOs are crucial for facilitating a preventative multi-agency approach, especially in local settings. Such an approach should combine measures from the area of criminal justice with policies from the fields of education, social inclusion and integration, while ensuring the timely provision of effective de-radicalisation and/or disengagement. The authors of this paper understand the term disengagement as the action or process of withdrawing from being involved in a radical activity, situation or group. It differs from counter-radicalisation (preventing radicalisation from taking place) and de-radicalisation (bringing about a change in values and ideas away from radical and/or violent ideas). The paper presents the preliminary findings of a study conducted on a sample of 108 students at the Croatian Police College of the MoI concerning the role of different stakeholders responsible for efforts towards the disengagement of individuals from radical and extremist movements in Croatia. The data were collected during the students' study courses in December 2018.
