Suchergebnisse

Bruchus rufimanus Boheman 1833 (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae) is a serious pest of Vicia faba L. (Fabaceae) preventing the valuation of crop products due to its post-embryonic development taking place inside forming seeds. However, the European Union, concerned about the sustainable development of its agriculture, promotes V. faba crops for its multiple services provided to cropping systems, and restricts at the same time the use of effective pesticides against B. rufimanus. This suggests the finding of alternative control methods, such as the use of semiochemicals. To date, some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) involved in the field colonization, feeding, mating and oviposition of B. rufimanus, taking place on different parts of V. faba and following its phenological stage, have already been identified. Further studies would, however, provide insight into other pheromonal means of communication that could be implemented in the semiochemical-based management of this pest, such as the assessment of oviposition or aggregation pheromones. Concerning the semiochemical-based control methods, only one study has been trying to implement a mass-trapping method; and no studies investigated other methods, such as the push-pull or attract-and-kill methods, in IPM strategy including new insight into pheromone identification, entomopathogenic agents or specific parasitoids. In this context, preliminary experimentations of entomopathogenic tests and odor samplings for the identification of new pheromones (aggregation or oviposition deterring pheromone) were carried out within the "FEVERPRO project", and could suggest the implementation of innovative control methods of this specific pest in alternative to the use of pesticides. ; Peer reviewed

Le manioc fait partie des principales plantes à racines amylacées cultivées dans le monde. En 2008, la production totale de manioc en Afrique de l'Ouest représentait 29 % de la production mondiale. Cependant, dans certains pays de cette région comme le Sénégal, le manioc n'a pas encore connu un réel développement dans l'alimentation de base de sa population. En effet, les potentialités d'utilisation alimentaire du manioc ne sont pas assez connues. Par ailleurs, la composition chimique et la toxicité des variétés locales consommées restent à déterminer. En 2004, le Gouvernement avait initié une vaste campagne d'intensification de la production nationale en manioc pour remédier au problème de sécurité alimentaire, car cette denrée constitue une importante source de calories et une intéressante option face aux céréales importées comme le riz et le blé. De nombreux produits dérivés du manioc sont connus dans la sous-région et dans les marchés internationaux mais au Sénégal, ces produits sont limités et, par conséquent, le niveau de consommation est très faible. Parfois, ils sont retrouvés dans certains restaurants où Sénégalais et autres Africains les consomment. L'objectif de cette étude est de montrer la valeur nutritionnelle et les potentialités de valorisation des racines de manioc pour l'alimentation de base au Sénégal. ; Cassava is one of the main plants and starchy roots grown in the world. In 2008, the total yield of cassava in West Africa represented 29% of the world production. However, in many West African countries such as Senegal, cassava is not used as a staple food. In fact, the processing techniques used for cassava are poorly known. In addition, the chemical composition of local cassava varieties has not yet been determined, nor has their toxicity been assessed. In 2004, showing an aggressive agricultural policy and revived interest, the Senegalese government launched a major program for intensifying the production of cassava for food security purposes. Cassava is an important source of calories and can be an interesting option for imported rice and wheat. Although many food products made from cassava are well known in the region, their use in the Senegalese diet is rare. Nevertheless, these cassava products are found as delicacies in some restaurants, and are consumed by the Senegalese and many other Africans. The objective of the present study is to demonstrate the nutritional value and the dietary possibilities of using cassava as a staple food in Senegal. ; Peer reviewed

The consumption of Imbrasia obscura (Butler, 1878) has been quoted in a dozen books and papers in five different countries, namely Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. This study presents, for the first time, information concerning two unknown subjects, the chemical composition and the nutritional value of the species. The chemical composition shows that it is a good source of proteins and lipids with the presence of five essential amino-acids (threonine, tyrosine + phenylalanine, histidine and tryptophan) and important amounts of essential fatty acids. The mineral elements such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium are also present in good amounts. There is little sodium for which human consumption is frequently excessive. The very high proportion of alpha-linoleic acid contributes very significantly to the low ω-6/ω-3 ratio. Consequently, this caterpillar is a food that may be recommended for human consumption. Farming this species could be encouraged because of its high nutritional value and its good commercial potential especially in areas where malnutrition is common. ; Peer reviewed