Suchergebnisse

Fábio Wanderley Reis é professor emérito da Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Doutor em Ciência Política pela Universidade Harvard, é organizador de trabalhos de relevo como A democracia no Brasil: dilemas e perspectivas, com Guillermo O'Donnell. Por seu Política e Racionalidade, foi ganhador do Prêmio Anpocs, como melhor obra científica em Ciências Humanas. Seus livros mais recentes são Mercado e Utopia (Edusp, 2000) e Tempo Presente (Editora UFMG, 2002).Obra labiríntica, por sua riqueza temática-uma visão panorâmica da política brasileira no último quarto de século -, Tempo Presente, resenhado por Mediações, revela-nos o alcance da atividade intelectual de um pensador dotado de vasta cultura política e de apurado grau de sofisticação analítica.Aposentado há alguns anos, depois de ensinar por mais de três décadas, ele tem participado ativamente do debate público. Os principais veículos de nossa grande imprensa têm dado destaque ao rigor crítico de suas idéias. Observador arguto da cena política brasileira atual, Fábio Wanderley concedeu a seguinte entrevista a Mediações.

Helenice Rodrigues da Silva é doutora em História pela Universidade de Paris X(Nanterre). Dentre vários títulos é autora dos livros Texte, action et histoire -refléxions sur le phénomene de I' engagement, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1995 e Fragmentos da História Intelectual -entre questionamentos e perspectivas, Campinas, Papirus, 2002. Coordenou seminários na École des Hautes Etudes em Sciences Sociales e trabalhou como pesquisadora-associada do Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, França. Atualmente, é professora do Departamento de História da Universidade Federal do Paraná. De Paris,onde desenvolve pesquisa de pós-doutoramento junto ao Institut d'Histoire du Temps Présent (CNRS) concedeu esta entrevista a Mediações.

Resenha do livro: Helenice Rodrigues da Silva. Fragmentos da História Intelectual entre questionamentos e perspectivas. Campinas, Papirus, 2002, 160 p.

Análise de alguns aspectos centrais das teorias interpretativas de textos políticos. O artigo dedica atenção especial às contribuições de Michel Foucault e de Quentin Skinner para a história das idéias.

ABSTRACTWe discuss historic trends in large metropolitan areas in Brazil showing that manufacturing has decreased its share in the country but the movement was, in general, more intense in large metropolitan areas and particularly in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA). This movement was more intense in the 1980s and in the first half of the 1990s. From mid 1990s up to the end of the 2000s, the manufacturing share trend became flat. We speculate that the first period reflects the exhaustion of the process of import substitution that took place in the previous three decades (1950 to 1980). The second period, from 1993 to 2009, is representative of a new model of growth and the evidence that manufacturing share became flat is reinforcing the idea of a new period in terms of manufacturing employment. While concentration has risen from 1996 to 2005, it decreased again in the second half of the first decade of the 2000s. The SPMA reinvented itself very quickly from late 1970s to mid-2000s.

In late 2019, the first cases of a disease, which would come to be known as COVID-19, emerged in a Chinese city, known for being the home to a market where wild animals were relatively common and to a virology laboratory of the highest security level. Coincidence or not, the debate about the origin of the disease involves these two places, and a lot of political interest. On the other hand, the tragedy that became one of the deadliest pandemics ever recorded has several other elements that are more or less important, depending on the moment and context. ; No final de 2019, os primeiros casos de uma doença, que viria a ser conhecida como COVID-19 (do inglês Corona virus disease), surgiram em uma cidade chinesa conhecida por abrigar um mercado em que a presença de animais silvestres era relativamente comum e por possuir um laboratório de virologia do mais alto nível de segurança. Coincidência ou não, o debate acerca da origem da doença perpassa estes dois lugares e é de muito interesse político. Por outro lado, a tragédia que se constituiu numa das pandemias mais mortíferas já registradas, apresenta diversos outros elementos mais ou menos importantes, dependendo do momento e do contexto.

Restingas are lowland sandy ecosystems located between mountain ranges and the sea. For living organisms in this ecosystem, restingas can be seen as habitats formed by islands of vegetation separated by a sandy matrix. These organisms are highly influenced by the environmental conditions and physical characteristics of the landscape, including size, connectivity and environmental heterogeneity. Given the recognized effectiveness of ants as bioindicators, this study uses these organisms as a model to assess how vegetation complexity affects ant communities. The study was carried out in the Parque das Dunas, Salvador - Bahia. Within this park, four categories of vegetation islands (Small, Medium, Large and Continuous) were delimited, where the ant fauna was sampled and the forms of vegetal life were analyzed, using the Raunkiaer analysis. A total of 69 ant species were collected from 31 genera and six subfamilies. We found a positive relationship between the diversity of plant life forms (H') and ant richness. In general, there was a significant difference in the composition of ant species in each microhabitat and between the areas of continuous vegetation and the different vegetation islands. There is a bottom up effect mediating the ant community associated with dune vegetation, the local richness of ant species responds to vegetation heterogeneity.

There is current a large concern with corruption around the world as it may be one of the causes for lagging development. There is also a concern that corrupt government will succeed to stay in power using the money obtained in corruption activities to finance political campaigns. Consequently, corruption might jeopardize economic development for a long period of time and questions democracy. To test the consequences and causes of corruption we need to measure the phenomenon. Traditional measures rely on perception surveys despite the shortcomings of these measures. Field and natural experiments or even survey experiments are other alternatives to measure the phenomenon. In this paper we review the measures available in the literature and propose an index based on objective information from random audit reports. We show that this index is a tool to analyze municipalities in Brazil and that our index is consistent with expected (stylized) behavior, it is relatively easy to compute, and it is normalized between 0 and 1. ; Existe no mundo hoje em dia uma grande preocupação com corrupção. Há uma percepção geral de que a corrupção pode ser uma das causas para o desenvolvimento tardio. Também há uma preocupação de que governos corruptos seriam bem sucedidos em manter-se no poder utilizando-se do dinheiro obtido com atividades corruptas para financiar suas campanhas eleitorais. Consequentemente, a corrupção pode comprometer o desenvolvimento econômico por um longo período de tempo e também colocar em xeque a democracia. Para testar as consequências e causas da corrupção é necessário, antes de tudo, medir o fenômeno. As medidas tradicionais partem de pesquisas de percepção com todos os problemas relacionados a essa medida. Experimentos naturais e de campo, ou até experimentos com pesquisa de campo são outras alternativas para medir o fenômeno. Neste artigo revisamos as medidas disponíveis na literatura e propomos um índice baseado em informações objetivas de relatórios de auditoria aleatória. Mostramos que o índice ...

While corruption is documented to have high social costs, the mechanisms that enable and deter corruption are not entirely understood. This paper takes advantage of the introduction of a random-audits program in Brazil, for which the only practical effect is information disclosure, to assess the effects of monitoring on corruption deterrence: because auditors were entitled to investigate transfers that occurred prior to the time of audit, we are able to compare incumbents' decisions when they did not know they could be audited with their subsequent decisions, when they knew they had a much higher probability of being exposed. We depart from a simple theoretical model to derive empirically testable predictions, which are contingent upon local constraints and embezzlement opportunities, of the effects of the program on the prevalence of corruption. The results are that corruption dramatically dropped after the program was introduced; nevertheless, the decrease in corruption has not led to higher compliance or better health outcomes. Politicians seem to have adapted, and irregularities have only moved to where it is less straightforward to identify corruption.

The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the cost-effectiveness of three family dairy farms, located in the municipality of Limeira do Oeste, MG, Brazil, as well as to identify the break-even points and the factors that most influenced the final costs, and their impacts on each property. The analyzed data comprised the period from May 2015 to May 2016 and were collected using forms developed by EMATER-MG (Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company of the State of Minas Gerais) and MDA (Ministry of Agrarian Development). Gross and net margins as well as results (profit or loss) were considered as cost-effectiveness indices. It was realized that the dairy activity in the properties studied exhibited low efficiency in the use of inputs, implying idle productive capacity, an increase in the proportion of fixed costs in the composition of total costs, and low productivity per animal per unit area. Therefore, diary activity was highly dependent on the sale of animals in order to afford and present positive results. Among the components of the effective operating cost, feeding is the most representative (averaging 63.09%), in the three studied properties, being the tax rates considered as fixed (9.41%) and miscellaneous expenses (9.49%) also expressive. The properties showed high fixed costs and break-even points; in one property, these could not be determined as the unit variable cost was higher than the average selling price in the market. In the economic analysis, the three systems showed positive net margins and results, indicative of production viability in the long term.

Trata-se da tradução do Traité de sphère, escrito por Jean-Jacques Rousseau, provavelmente no período que compreende os anos de 1735 a 1738. O Tratado sobre a Esfera compõe o conjunto das chamadas obras científicas produzidas por Rousseau na edição de Œuvres complètes de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Édition thématique du Tricentenaire, Slatkine/Honoré Champion (2012). A referida edição conta com um importante estudo introdutório sobre os trabalhos científicos de Rousseau redigidas por Christophe Van Staen.