Suchergebnisse

Analyzes Costa Rica's political stability over the last four decades. Two basic features are emphasized: (1) the efforts to redistribute wealth; & (2) the abolition of the army as a permanent institution. Adapted from the source document.

Desde hace tiempo se viene debatiendo sobre la naturaleza de los procesos selectivos en el ámbito público. El objetivo de este escrito es aportar criterios sobre los principales aspectos a medir en las oposiciones, así como sobre los tipos de instrumentos que permiten medir dichos aspectos clave. Ambas cuestiones son abordadas desde la evidencia científica acumulada por la investigación en psicología del trabajo, por lo que se hace énfasis en los resultados de metaanálisis publicados en revistas académicas y en obras de referencia. En base a dichos resultados se proponen una serie de diseños selectivos y se concluye precisando una serie de retos pendientes para poder mejorar la eficacia y la eficiencia de la selección en las Administraciones Públicas.
Aspalditik ari gara eremu publikoko hautaketa-prozesuen izaerari buruz eztabaidatzen. Idazki honen helburua oposizioetan neurtu beharreko alderdi nagusiei buruzko irizpideak ematea da, baita funtsezko alderdi horiek neurtzeko aukera ematen duten tresna motei buruzkoak ere. Bi gai horiek lanaren psikologiako ikerketak metatutako ebidentzia zientifikotik jorratzen dira, eta, beraz, aldizkari akademikoetan eta erreferentziazko lanetan argitaratutako metaanalisien emaitzak azpimarratzen dira. Emaitza horietan oinarrituta, hautaketa diseinu batzuk proposatzen dira, eta, amaitzeko, herri-administrazioetan hautaketaren eraginkortasuna eta efizientzia hobetu ahal izateko erronka batzuk adierazten dira.
The nature of selection processes in the public sphere has been debated for some time. The aim of this paper is to provide criteria on the main aspects to be measured in competitive examinations, as well as on the types of instruments that allow these key aspects to be measured. Both issues are addressed taking into account the scientific evidence accumulated by research in occupational psychology, for which emphasis is placed on the results of meta-analyses published in academic journals and reference works. Based on these results, a series of selection designs are proposed and the paper concludes by specifying a series of pending challenges in order to improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of selection in Public Administrations.

Relationship between value chain governance and value chain integration (as an outcome of a public private partnership to promote value chain competiveness at the regional level). The case of the rice value chain in Tolima (Colombia) Alexander Blandón López PhD. Lecturer Universidad del Tolima Janeth González Rubio MA Lecturer Universidad del Tolima This paper focuses on the study of the relationship between value chain governance and value chain integration (as an outcome of a public private partnership to promote value chain competiveness at the regional level). The study expands and disaggregates Gereffi's Global Commodity Chain framework and applies some of its analytical categories (input output structure and governance amongst others) to the study of regional value chains. The governance structure embodies the 'authority and power relations that determine how financial, material, and human resources are allocated and flow within the chain' (Gereffi 1994: 97). In this sense, the concept relates to the 'power relations in the chain and the institutions which mould and wield this power' (Kaplinsky and Morris 2000). There is a directed network form of coordination of the rice value chain. Historically there had been developed systems of formal and informal agreements between producers and rice threshing entrepreneurs on subjects such as payments, rice varieties and quantities. Other forms of coordination such as support strategies for rice producers, supply of packing inputs, financing and technical assistance have also been developed (Corpoica 2000: 54). These practices provided a basic common ground for the discussion and signing of the competitiveness agreement as an instrument of coordination for the value chain rice threshing in Tolima (Colombia). From a governance point of view, it can be stated that a domestic oligopsony of an agricultural raw material protected by the national government reduces the likelihood of success for the expected developmental outcomes of a competitiveness agreement. A domestic market protected from imports introduces as a main contention point between agro-producers and industrialists in a competitiveness agreement the issue of price determination. At the end, the government has to arbitrate. Finally, a competitiveness agreement embodies for a regional government a potential instrument for social and economic policy interventions. First, governments can participate in this scheme, having in mind the promotion of social policies (employment generation and smallholder income improvements), particularly in depressed areas with a tradition or a potential for raw material production. Second, competitiveness agreements offer to the public sector a scope of action to deal with regional economic restructuring processes and to promote endogenous development policies with active involvement and contribution of several regional stakeholders Blandon, L.A (2012) Economic restructuring and value chains. The search for regional competitiveness in Colombia. PHD thesis. Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University Rotterdam

Favorable evaluations of letters appearing in peoples' names were examined and found to vary according to a focus on the self versus others. Students described their personal preferences after thinking about either positive or negative qualities of themselves or a friend. Matches
of consonant letters in preferences with consonants in first and last names was higher when the self-concept was challenged by an induced focus on negative personal traits, as well as when people thought about something of "theirs." Thus, evidence of implicit egotism was seen when
students thought (for good or for ill) of one of their self-chosen items, their best friend, or when they required a self-esteem boost, but not when they were focused on their own positive personal qualities. Results are discussed in terms of how name letter matching reflects a desire to keep
a complimentary outlook about ourselves.

El desempeño adaptativo es un constructo clave para las organizaciones porque la capacidad de adaptación a las demandas del entorno es vital, especialmente en tiempos de crisis o cambios tecnológicos, económicos o laborales. Este artículo aporta una revisión teórica del concepto de desempeño adaptativo, de su relación con otros constructos y elementos organizacionales en base a los modelos de Ployhart y Bliese (2006) y Park y Park (2019), así como de los instrumentos que evalúan dicho constructo. Se analizan las implicaciones que tiene el desempeño adaptativo para la gestión de recursos humanos en el ámbito público, especialmente en materia de selección, formación, gestión de carrera y diseño de puestos de trabajo.
Jardun egokitzailea funtsezkoa da erakundeentzat, inguruneko eskaeretara egokitzeko gaitasuna ezinbestekoa delako, batez ere krisi-garaian edo aldaketa teknologiko, ekonomiko edo laboralen garaian. Artikulu honek jardun egokitzailea kontzeptuaren berrikuspen teorikoa ematen du, bai eta beste konstruktuekin eta antolaketa-elementuekin duen harremanarena ere, Ployhart eta Bliese-ren (2006) eta Park eta Park-en (2019) ereduetan oinarrituta, bai eta konstruktu hori ebaluatzen duten tresnena ere. Eremu publikoan giza baliabideak kudeatzean jardun egokitzaileak dituen inplikazioak aztertzen dira, bereziki hautaketaren, prestakuntzaren, karrera-kudeaketaren eta lanpostuen diseinuaren arloan.
Adaptive performance is a key construct for organizations because the ability to adapt to the demands of the environment is vital, especially in times of crisis or technological, economic or labor changes. This paper provides a theoretical review of the concept of adaptive performance, its relationship with other constructs and organizational elements based on the models of Ployhart and Bliese (2006) and Park and Park (2019), as well as the instruments that evaluate the construct. The implications of adaptive performance for human resource management in the public sector are analyzed, especially in terms of selection, training, career management and job design.

AbstractPatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience reductions in the proficiency to inhibit actions. The motor symptoms of PD can be effectively treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a key structure in the frontal–striatal network that may be directly involved in regulating inhibitory control. However, the precise role of the STN in stopping control is unclear. The STN consists of functional subterritories linked to dissociable cortical networks, although the boundaries of the subregions are still under debate. We investigated whether stimulating the dorsal and ventral subregions of the STN would show dissociable effects on ability to stop. We studied 12 PD patients with STN DBS. Patients with two adjacent contacts positioned within the bounds of the dorsal and ventral STN completed two testing sessions (OFF medication) with low amplitude stimulation (0.4 mA) at either the dorsal or ventral contacts bilaterally, while performing the stop task. Ventral, but not dorsal, DBS improved stopping latencies. Go reactions were similar between dorsal and ventral DBS STN. Stimulation in the ventral, but not dorsal, subregion of the STN improved stopping speed, confirming the involvement of the STN in stopping control and supporting the STN functional subregions.