Suchergebnisse

A brief overview of the prevention part of the long-term Erlangen-Nuremberg Development and Prevention Study, which combines a prospective longitudinal and experimental design. Findings up to five years after intervention are reported. From a sample of 609 families with kindergarten children, subgroups participated in the universal prevention program EFFEKT (child social skills training, a parent training and a combination of both) or were assigned to equivalent control groups. The short-term evaluation showed significant effects in mediating constructs (social problem solving and parenting behavior) and in educators' ratings of children's social behavior. In a follow-up after two to three years, school report cards showed fewer children with multiple behavior problems. In a further follow up after four to five years program children reported fewer externalizing and internalizing problems than the control group. There were no significant effects in the mothers' reports on their children's behavior. Most significant effect sizes ranged between d = 0.20 and d = 0.40. The findings suggest various positive long-term effects of the intervention. However, one need to be cautious with regard to over-generalizing the positive findings, because effect sizes vary over time and the positive findings could not be replicated in all investigated variables. Adapted from the source document.

Purpose -- Although school bullying is an important social problem, its long-term relation to mental health and behavioural outcomes is rarely investigated. The purpose of this paper is to address the relation between bullying in childhood and behavioural and emotional problems in adolescence. Design/methodology/approach -- Bullying and victimization were assessed in a sample of 557 German children (mean age 9 years). Nearly five years later anxious, depressive, delinquent, aggressive and other outcomes were assessed via self- and mother-reports. Data analyses contained bivariate correlations and hierarchical regressions in which family and individual risk factors (measured two years before bullying/victimization) were controlled. Findings -- It was found that there were mostly small, but highly significant correlations between bullying perpetration and later antisocial behaviour. Among girls, bullying also predicted later symptoms of anxiety, depression and social withdrawal. The same was the case for victimization. Victimized girls also showed more antisocial outcomes. When controlling for other risk factors, bullying perpetration remained as a predictor of externalizing problems, however, there were no significant relations between victimization and internalizing or externalizing outcomes. Originality/value -- This paper presents longitudinal data on a large sample from a country underrepresented in the English-language literature on bullying, also its findings reveal that bullying perpetration is a highly significant predictor of later antisocial and delinquent outcomes in adolescence. Adapted from the source document.

This article reports a meta-analysis on social skills training as a measure for preventing antisocial behavior in children & youth. From 851 documents, 84 reports containing 135 comparisons between treated & untreated youngsters (N = 16,723) fulfilled stepwise eligibility criteria (e.g., randomized control-group design, focus on prevention). Despite a wide range of positive & negative effect sizes, the majority confirmed the benefits of treatment. The best estimated mean effects were d = .38 (postintervention) & .28 (follow-up). Effects were smaller on antisocial behavior than on related social & cognitive measures. Studies with large samples produced lower effect sizes than those with smaller samples. Programs targeting at-risk groups had better effects than universal programs. Modes of treatment did not differ significantly; however, cognitive-behavioral programs had the strongest impact on antisocial behavior. More well-controlled studies with large samples, hard outcome criteria, & long follow-up periods are needed, particularly outside the United States. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 1 Appendix, 63 References. [Copyright 2003 Sage Publications, Inc.]

1. Introduction / Friedrich Losel, Anthony Bottoms and David P. Farrington -- 2. Young adult offenders in juvenile and criminal justice systems in Europe / Frieder Dunkel and Ineke Pruin -- 3. Youth, alcohol and aggression / Mary McMurran -- 4. Childhood risk factors for young adult offending : onset and persistence / David P. Farrington -- 5. Young adult offenders in custodial institutions : vulnerability, relationships and risks / Alison Liebling -- 6. What works in correctional treatment and rehabilitation for young adults? / Friedrich Losel -- 7. Young women in transition : from offending to desistance / Monica Barry -- 8. Perceptions of the criminal justice system among young adult would-be desisters / Joanna Shapland, Anthony Bottoms and Grant Muir -- 9. Lost in transition? : a view from the Youth Justice Board / Rod Morgan -- 10. Young adults in the English criminal justice system : the policy challenges / Rob Allen.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which bullying victimization in school predicts depression in later life and whether this relation holds after controlling for other major childhood risk factors.Design/methodology/approachAs no previous systematic review has been conducted on this topic, effect sizes are based on both published and unpublished studies: longitudinal investigators of 28 studies have conducted specific analyses for the authors' review.FindingsThe probability of being depressed up to 36 years later (mean follow‐up period of 6.9 years) was much higher for children who were bullied at school than for non‐involved students (odds ratio (OR)=1.99; 95 per cent CI: 1.71‐2.32). Bullying victimization was a significant risk factor for later depression even after controlling for up to 20 (mean number of six covariates) major childhood risk factors (OR=1.74; 95 per cent CI: 1.54‐1.97). Effect sizes were smaller when the follow‐up period was longer and larger the younger the child was when exposed to bullying. Finally, the summary effect size was not significantly related to the number of risk factors controlled for.Originality/valueAlthough causal inferences are tentative, the overall results presented in this paper indicate that bullying victimization is a major childhood risk factor that uniquely contributes to later depression. High quality effective anti‐bullying programmes could be viewed as an early form of public health promotion.