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Key to China's plans to promote rural development is the de-marginalisation of the countryside through the incorporation of rural areas into the urban-based market-oriented financial system. For this reason, Chinese development planners have turned to microcredit-i.e. the provision of small-scale loans to 'financially excluded' rural households-as a means of increasing 'financial consciousness' and facilitating rural de-marginalisation. Drawing on years of in-depth fieldwork in rural China, this book examines the formulation, implementation and outcomes of government-run microcredit programmes in China-illuminating the diverse roles that microcredit plays in local processes of socioeconomic development and the livelihoods of local actors. It details how microcredit facilitates de-marginalisation for some, while simultaneously exacerbating the marginalisation of others; and exposes the ways in which microcredit and other top-down development strategies reflect and reinforce the contradictions and paradoxes implicit in rural China's contemporary development landscape.

According to the Chinese zodiac, 2018 was the year of the 'earthly dog'. In the middle of the long, hot, and feverish dog days of the summer of 2018, some workers at Shenzhen Jasic Technology took their chances and attempted to form an independent union. While this action was met by the harshest repression, it also led to extraordinary demonstrations of solidarity from small groups of radical students from all over the country, which in turn were immediately and severely suppressed. China's year of the dog was also imbued with the spirit of another canine, Cerberus—the three-headed hound of Hades—with the ravenous advance of the surveillance state and the increasing securitisation of Chinese society, starting from the northwestern region of Xinjiang. This Yearbook traces these latest developments in Chinese society through a collection of 50 original essays on labour, civil society, and human rights in China and beyond, penned by leading scholars and practitioners from around the world.

Intro -- Introduction -- 1. Aesthetics -- 2. Blood Lineage -- 3. Class Feeling -- 4. Class Struggle -- 5. Collectivism -- 6. Contradiction -- 7. Culture -- 8. Cultural Revolution -- 9. Datong and Xiaokang -- 10. Dialectical Materialism -- 11. Dignity of Labour -- 12. Formalism -- 13. Friend and Enemy -- 14. Global Maoism -- 15. Immortality -- 16. Justice -- 17. Labour -- 18. Large and Communitarian -- 19. Line Struggle -- 20. Mass Line -- 21. Mass Supervision -- 22. Mobilisation -- 23. Museum -- 24. Nationality -- 25. New Democracy -- 26. Paper Tiger -- 27. Peasant -- 28. People's War -- 29. Permanent Revolution -- 30. Poetry -- 31. Practice -- 32. Primitive Accumulation -- 33. Rectification -- 34. Red and Expert -- 35. Removing Mountains and Draining Seas -- 36. Revolution -- 37. Self-reliance -- 38. Semifeudalism, Semicolonialism -- 39. Sending Films to the Countryside -- 40. Serve the People -- 41. Socialist Law -- 42. Speaking Bitterness -- 43. Sugarcoated Bullets -- 44. Superstition -- 45. Surpass -- 46. Third World -- 47. Thought Reform -- 48. Trade Union -- 49. United Front -- 50. Utopia -- 51. Women's Liberation -- 52. Work Team -- 53. Work Unit -- Afterword -- Acknowledgements -- Contributors -- References.

Afterlives of Chinese Communism comprises essays from over fifty world- renowned scholars in the China field, from various disciplines and continents. It provides an indispensable guide for understanding how the Mao era continues to shape Chinese politics today. Each chapter discusses a concept or practice from the Mao period, what it attempted to do, and what has become of it since. The authors respond to the legacy of Maoism from numerous perspectives to consider what lessons Chinese communism can offer today, and whether there is a future for the egalitarian politics that it once promised.

SUMMARY
Financial technology, or simply 'fin-tech', is increasingly seen as one of the key tools to facilitate poverty reduction and local economic development. One article in particular by Tavneet Suri and William Jack published in the leading publication Science has played a hugely influential role in promoting the fin-tech model in the global South using the example of Kenya's iconic M-Pesa money transfer platform. The authors' central claim is that M-Pesa has been instrumental in facilitating a major episode of poverty reduction. Our analysis shows that their analysis and claims are extremely problematic.