Suchergebnisse

L'essor de l'interdisciplinarité dans les sciences suscite de nombreuses interrogations quant à l'avenir des disciplines : dans quelle mesure demeurent-elles des unités centrales de différenciation des sciences ? Sont-elles amenées à disparaître ou à se recomposer sous l'effet de dynamiques scientifiques, et de pressions politiques, favorables à l'interdisciplinarité ? Cet article propose d'étudier les conséquences de la coopération interdisciplinaire sur les territoires et les frontières des disciplines. À la différence des travaux de sociologie des sciences qui abordent cette question, nous mettons moins l'accent sur les dimensions cognitives des disciplines que sur leurs dimensions sociales. En particulier, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure l'interdisciplinarité peut représenter une ressource d'action et aider les disciplines en présence à consolider leurs institutions. Une étude empirique conduite sur la nanomédecine en France et en Californie nous amène à mettre en évidence deux éléments favorables au renforcement des territoires disciplinaires au contact de l'interdisciplinarité : d'une part, des pratiques interdisciplinaires propices au travail de démarcation vis-à-vis d'approches antérieures ou concurrentes ; d'autre part, la plasticité des frontières disciplinaires, qui autorise l'extension de la juridiction des disciplines.

International audience ; This chapter analyses French and US universities' organizational responses to the more or less explicit pressures they face to go interdisciplinary. Defining universities as pluralistic organizations, I show that the implementation of interdisciplinary research does not result in well-integrated institutional strategies, but rather combines initiatives from the scientific community and from university leaders. Based on case studies conducted on the development of interdisciplinary nanomedicine in five leading French and US research universities, I identify three settings where the implementation of interdisciplinarity involves shifts in organizational structure - in principal investigator-based research teams and scientific networks, in departmental boundaries, and in institutional structures -, and question issues of governance, leadership and resource allocation arising from those shifts. We see similarities between the two countries in terms of how initiatives by 'entrepreneurial academics' - searching for funds for interdisciplinary research - and by the university leadership - also searching for funds, and redefining institutional projects around interdisciplinarity - complement each other. We also identify one major difference – with French pro-interdisciplinary university policies being strongly influenced by a political impetus from the French ministry of higher education and research.

Translated to English by Amy Jacobs ; International audience ; The rise of interdisciplinarity in the sciences raises many questions about the future of the disciplines as such. To what degree will they remain the main units for differentiating between the sciences? Are disciplines destined to disappear or rather to combine in new ways in response to scientific dynamics and political pressures in favor of interdisciplinarity? The article studies the effects of interdisciplinary cooperation on disciplinary territories and boundaries. Rather than emphasizing the cognitive dimensions of disciplines, an approach frequently applied in the sociology of science, I focus on their social dimensions; specifically, the extent to which interdisciplinarity can be a resource for action and help existing disciplines consolidate their institutions. Empirical study of nanomedicine in France and California brings to light two features that work to bolster the territories of disciplines whose practitioners engage in interdisciplinarity: one, interdisciplinary practices that help to demarcate the given discipline from earlier or competing approaches; two, discipline boundary flexibility, which can work to promote discipline jurisdiction extension.

International audience ; L'essor de l'interdisciplinarité dans les sciences suscite de nombreuses interrogations quant à l'avenir des disciplines : dans quelle mesure demeurent-elles des unités centrales de différenciation des sciences ? Sont-elles amenées à disparaître ou à se recomposer sous l'effet de dynamiques scientifiques, et de pressions politiques, favorables à l'interdisciplinarité ? Cet article propose d'étudier les conséquences de lacoopération interdisciplinaire sur les territoires et les frontières des disciplines. À la différence des travaux de sociologie des sciences qui abordent cette question, nous mettons moins l'accent sur les dimensions cognitives des disciplines que sur leurs dimensions sociales. En particulier, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure l'interdisciplinarité peut représenter une ressource d'action et aider les disciplines en présence à consolider leurs institutions. Une étude empirique conduite sur la nanomédecine en France et en Californie nous amène à mettre en évidence deux éléments favorables au renforcement des territoires disciplinaires au contact de l'interdisciplinarité : d'une part, des pratiques interdisciplinaires propices au travail de démarcation vis-à-vis d'approches antérieures ou concurrentes ; d'autre part, la plasticité des frontières disciplinaires, qui autorise l'extension de la juridiction des disciplines.

International audience ; This chapter analyses French and US universities' organizational responses to the more or less explicit pressures they face to go interdisciplinary. Defining universities as pluralistic organizations, I show that the implementation of interdisciplinary research does not result in well-integrated institutional strategies, but rather combines initiatives from the scientific community and from university leaders. Based on case studies conducted on the development of interdisciplinary nanomedicine in five leading French and US research universities, I identify three settings where the implementation of interdisciplinarity involves shifts in organizational structure - in principal investigator-based research teams and scientific networks, in departmental boundaries, and in institutional structures -, and question issues of governance, leadership and resource allocation arising from those shifts. We see similarities between the two countries in terms of how initiatives by 'entrepreneurial academics' - searching for funds for interdisciplinary research - and by the university leadership - also searching for funds, and redefining institutional projects around interdisciplinarity - complement each other. We also identify one major difference – with French pro-interdisciplinary university policies being strongly influenced by a political impetus from the French ministry of higher education and research.

International audience ; L'essor de l'interdisciplinarité dans les sciences suscite de nombreuses interrogations quant à l'avenir des disciplines : dans quelle mesure demeurent-elles des unités centrales de différenciation des sciences ? Sont-elles amenées à disparaître ou à se recomposer sous l'effet de dynamiques scientifiques, et de pressions politiques, favorables à l'interdisciplinarité ? Cet article propose d'étudier les conséquences de lacoopération interdisciplinaire sur les territoires et les frontières des disciplines. À la différence des travaux de sociologie des sciences qui abordent cette question, nous mettons moins l'accent sur les dimensions cognitives des disciplines que sur leurs dimensions sociales. En particulier, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure l'interdisciplinarité peut représenter une ressource d'action et aider les disciplines en présence à consolider leurs institutions. Une étude empirique conduite sur la nanomédecine en France et en Californie nous amène à mettre en évidence deux éléments favorables au renforcement des territoires disciplinaires au contact de l'interdisciplinarité : d'une part, des pratiques interdisciplinaires propices au travail de démarcation vis-à-vis d'approches antérieures ou concurrentes ; d'autre part, la plasticité des frontières disciplinaires, qui autorise l'extension de la juridiction des disciplines.

Translated to English by Amy Jacobs ; International audience ; The rise of interdisciplinarity in the sciences raises many questions about the future of the disciplines as such. To what degree will they remain the main units for differentiating between the sciences? Are disciplines destined to disappear or rather to combine in new ways in response to scientific dynamics and political pressures in favor of interdisciplinarity? The article studies the effects of interdisciplinary cooperation on disciplinary territories and boundaries. Rather than emphasizing the cognitive dimensions of disciplines, an approach frequently applied in the sociology of science, I focus on their social dimensions; specifically, the extent to which interdisciplinarity can be a resource for action and help existing disciplines consolidate their institutions. Empirical study of nanomedicine in France and California brings to light two features that work to bolster the territories of disciplines whose practitioners engage in interdisciplinarity: one, interdisciplinary practices that help to demarcate the given discipline from earlier or competing approaches; two, discipline boundary flexibility, which can work to promote discipline jurisdiction extension.

International audience ; The emergence of the knowledge society and the development of knowledge-intensive employment functions do not seem to improve dramatically the situation of humanities graduates on national labour markets. This paper gives an overview of the employment situation of French humanities graduates and summarizes recent attempts to improve it. A description of how the employment for humanities graduates has developed in the course of the last decade is followed by an analysis of two complementary governmental initiatives: the development of Higher Vocational Education degrees and the professionalization of all curricula. The paper concludes with three propositions based on personal teaching experiences and a broader analysis of the French higher education system.

International audience ; The emergence of the knowledge society and the development of knowledge-intensive employment functions do not seem to improve dramatically the situation of humanities graduates on national labour markets. This paper gives an overview of the employment situation of French humanities graduates and summarizes recent attempts to improve it. A description of how the employment for humanities graduates has developed in the course of the last decade is followed by an analysis of two complementary governmental initiatives: the development of Higher Vocational Education degrees and the professionalization of all curricula. The paper concludes with three propositions based on personal teaching experiences and a broader analysis of the French higher education system.

International audience ; The emergence of the knowledge society and the development of knowledge-intensive employment functions do not seem to improve dramatically the situation of humanities graduates on national labour markets. This paper gives an overview of the employment situation of French humanities graduates and summarizes recent attempts to improve it. A description of how the employment for humanities graduates has developed in the course of the last decade is followed by an analysis of two complementary governmental initiatives: the development of Higher Vocational Education degrees and the professionalization of all curricula. The paper concludes with three propositions based on personal teaching experiences and a broader analysis of the French higher education system.