Suchergebnisse

The Problem of Organization of Yugoslav Agriculture.
After the second World War, the Yugoslav Government took a number of steps to reorganize agriculture.
The first, was enactment of the Law of August 23, 1945 concerning land reform. This act introduced the partition of land, by which 47 % was attributed to individual peasants and 53 % to the socialist sector which the Government intented to establish. The socialist sector encompassed two organizational forms : State farms and agricultural cooperatives; the latter were divided into general agricultural cooperatives and peasant working cooperatives.
However, limitating of private ownership of land to 10 ha introduced in 1953, led to the excessive fragmentation of farms with all its negative side effects. Further, due to lack of experience, the socialist sector proved to be very inefficient. New reforms were therefore introduced by Yugoslav authorities in the fifties. Selfmanagement, already introduced into industry, was now extended to State farms and cooperatives. They were reorganized on the principle of free association and free determination of relationships between the cooperative and its members. Consequently many peasant cooperatives were dissolved and the entire socialist sector of agriculture was weakened. The problem of reinforcing and ensuring the existence of the socialist sector in agriculture, became henceforth a very major problem for Yugoslav leaders.
Today Yugoslav cooperatives are very flexible and the government is trying to make the socialist sector more attractive while at the same time respecting private ownership of land, the market economy and so forth. In practice, the most frequent forms of cooperation are technical assistance and services furnished to the private producers, cultivation of land in common, production according to contracts and the renting of land.