Suchergebnisse

Hay consecuencias del Holocausto que aún no se han resuelto. Buena muestra de ello son las reclamaciones de devolución de los bienes que fueron incautados por los nazis, especialmente obras de arte, que llegan hasta nuestros días. La inexistencia de órganos internacionales competentes para resolver aquellas junto con la carencia de normas internacionales aplicables a los supuestos acaecidos antes de su entrada en vigor nos ubican en un escenario de soluciones heterogéneas, debido a la dispersión en lo que se refiere a las normas nacionales existentes al efecto. Por otra parte, los tribunales estadounidenses, que han tenido que resolver múltiples demandas en este sentido, han aplicado sistemáticamente la excepción de expropiación, que presenta dificultades en lo que a su compatibilidad con las normas internacionales (en la actualidad de naturaleza consuetudinaria) existentes sobre las inmunidades de los Estados y de sus bienes, así como sobre la jurisprudencia de la Corte Internacional de Justicia existente en este punto ; There are consequences of the Holocaust that remain unsolved. We can think, for example, of the claims for the restitution of the properties that were seized by the Nazis, especially art pieces that still have not been resolved. The absence of competent international organs to resolve these cases, along with the scarce international norms that are effectively applicable to events happening before their entry into force, brings us to a diverse scene marked by the heterogeneity of national legislations and national courts rulings. On the other side, American courts have ruled several times on these matters, systematically leaving aside the exception of expropriation. These decisions arise compatibility issues with the existing set of international norms –which has nowadays a customary nature– about the immunity of the States and their properties, as well as with the most recent case law of the International Court of Justice on this issue

En la actualidad, los préstamos de obras de arte entre museos son una materialización de la cooperación en materia cultural interestatal. En este contexto se han producido reclamaciones de piezas que conforman esas exposiciones temporales, encontrándose con el muro de las inmunidades del Estado prestador en el territorio del foro, en su doble vertiente: de jurisdicción y de ejecución. La inmunidad de los préstamos no es un nuevo tipo de inmunidad, sino una aplicación práctica de estas inmunidades conocidas que plantea, como las anteriores, la dependencia de la legislación interna del Estado en el que tiene lugar el procedimiento judicial. Los Estados, para evitarlo, suelen celebrar acuerdos bilaterales que les permiten blindar las colecciones que prestan. La consecuencia de estas prácticas pone en evidencia, una vez más, el difícil equilibrio entre las inmunidades del Estado y el derecho a la propiedad individual y el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva; o entre el interés colectivo –la cooperación cultural– y el individual –la recuperación de la posesión del bien–. ; The lending of works of art between museums is a contemporary manifestation of interstate cultural cooperation. In this context, reclamations of pieces of art that form part of temporary exhibitions have been produced. However, these reclamations are unsuccessful as they encounter the wall of state immunity enjoyed by the lending state in the territory of the forum state in its two-fold aspect: immunity from jurisdiction and from execution. The immunity of the loans is not a new type of immunity, but a practical application of these conventional immunities. As is the case with such immunities, the immunity of the loans considers the dependency of the internal legislation of the state in which the judicial proceeding takes place. To avoid this, the states tend to conclude bilateral agreements that protect the collections that they lend. The consequence of these practices reveal, once more, the difficult balance between state immunity and the individual right to property and the right to effective judicial remedies; or between the collective interest –cultural cooperation –and the individual– the recuperation of the good

En la última década viene creciendo la preocupación mundial por el tema de la salud. su impacto sobre el desarrollo de las naciones, su ñnancíacíón y la eficiencia en su funcionamiento. Es así como las diferentes autoridades económicas del mundo comenzaron a cuestionar los sistemas de ñnanctamíento y el funcionamiento de los sectores de prestación de servicios de salud en todo el orbe por su tendencia ínflacíonarta. su ineficiencia económica y el poco impacto que la mayoría de ellos lograban sobre el estado de salud de la población.

AbstractThis study attempts to improve the understanding of how factors related to the board of directors in emerging countries from America determine a firm's sustainability performance. This paper examines the effect of board cultural diversity and the mediating effect of the existence of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee. To test our objectives, we carried out a sample analysis on data gathered between 2012 and 2018 from a group of firms located in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. The results suggest that board cultural diversity promotes a firm's commitment toward sustainability issues and leads to higher social and environmental performance. Moreover, the results show the mediating effect of the existence of a CSR committee, where a positive impact on sustainability performance appears to be linked to board cultural diversity.

ObjectiveThe structure, reliability, and validity of the Child‐to‐Parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV‐Q) for youth is analyzed. Additionally, the frequency of child‐to‐parent violence and the reasons for carrying it out are analyzed.BackgroundChild violence toward parents is a type of violence that has recently garnered great social and scientific interest. The frequency rates found vary considerably (psychological violence between 8.5% and 27% and physical violence between 1.8% and 6.1%), in part due to the type of assessment instruments used.MethodA total of 1,543 young Spanish people between 18 and 25 years of age (50.2% male; Mage = 19.2 years; SD = 1.9) participated in this study and reported on the frequency of violent behavior toward parents when they were 12 and 17 years old.ResultsThe results confirm a factorial structure of the CPV‐Q, with four factors: psychological, physical, financial, and control/domain. The reasons for child‐to‐parent violence were grouped into instrumental and reactive.ConclusionsThe CPV‐Q for young people presents adequate psychometric properties. The high frequency rates of child‐to‐parent violence justify the need to continue advancing the study of this phenomenon.ImplicationsThe CPV‐Q is a useful instrument for assessing child‐to‐parent violence for both research and professional practice. It allows evaluating the frequency of a wide range of violent behaviors and the underlying reasons motivating this type of violence, which is of great help for interventions.

Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain; European Union through the European Regional Development Fund [PSI2015-65950-R]