Suchergebnisse

Cuando pensamos en las relaciones entre pobreza, religión y justicia social en América Latina y el Caribe, uno de los primeros debates que salta a la escena, especialmente si nos concentramos en las últimas décadas, es acerca del papel que están cumpliendo las iglesias cristianas, llamadas pentecostales por algunos, evangélicas, o sectas protestantes por otros. Estas iglesias, y especialmente su crecimiento exponencial a finales del siglo XX, han sido el fenómeno de mayor relevancia en la conformación de los territorios religiosos en nuestro continente; y, como todos bien sabemos, las explicaciones del hecho se debatieron en torno a la intervención imperialista del capitalismo para frenar los efectos del cristianismo de la liberación o, en contraposición, la reacción a la anomia y a la falta de democracia que la hegemonía católica había impuesto. No pretendo situarme en este debate, cuya importancia para las ciencias sociales no pongo en duda, pero algunas de cuyas comprobaciones obedecen más al ejercicio del espionaje internacional que a la acción de la investigación social. Quisiera más bien preguntarme, por una parte, sobre lo que efectivamente están haciendo dichas iglesias, en cuanto a si están ayudando o no a la construcción de dinamismos de superación de la pobreza y de generación de condiciones de mayor justicia social; y, por otra parte, sobre la significación de dicha acción o inacción en el contexto de la dinámica de empobrecimiento en Colombia. Para responder estas preguntas pretendo describir el fenómeno de la acción social de las iglesias evangélicas, recurriendo a datos empíricos, recogidos en una investigación estadística, desarrollada a petición de CEDECOL. Dicha investigación se realizó para dimensionar la acción social de las iglesias evangélicas en el país, y tuvo, como uno de sus componentes, la aplicación de una encuesta a una muestra representativa de pastores y encargados de iglesias locales en el ámbito nacional. Posteriormente, realizaré algunas reflexiones analíticas sobre la significación de dicha acción. Antes de iniciar el recorrido, hago una introducción en la que destaco algunos de los elementos característicos de los recientes dinamismos generadores de pobreza en la situación colombiana.

5 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas. ; Neospora caninum is one of the more-efficient transplacentally-transmitted organisms. The goal of the present study was to investigate the pathologic and immunologic changes that occur at the materno-fetal interphase in pregnant BALB/c mice infected with N. caninum at mid-gestation. Parasite DNA was detected in feto-placentary units 3 days post-infection (PI). On day 7 PI, the DNA detection level and parasite burden were significantly higher in the placentas than in the fetuses, which may indicate that the parasite is mainly multiplying in the placenta during the initial infection. In the spleens of infected dams, we observed an increase in IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-4. However, only IL-4 was upregulated in placentas from the infected dams; this may enhance susceptibility to N. caninum at the materno-fetal interphase and favor transmission to the progeny. Finally, an increase in TNF-alpha expression in nested-PCR-positive placentas combined with necrosis may compromise the viability of the fetuses. ; This work has been supported by a grant from the Spanish Government (AGL2001-1362). Inmaculada C. López-Pérez has been financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. This experiment complied with the current local animal protection laws of the European Union. ; Peer reviewed

The integration of international, national and local regulations is one of the fundamental steps for preventing, controlling and managing biological invasions. The aim of the present study is to present and analyse, for the first time, the list of all non-native plant species that are regulated in Italy by the European, Italian and regional legislation in force. To date, there are 147 regulated non-native plant taxa. This number includes the 36 invasive alien plants of European Union concern and additional 111 taxa (95 species and 16 collective taxa) that have been listed at the regional level alone. A total of 19 plants of European Union concern and 95 regulated plants are present in the wild in at least one administrative region. The majority of the 95 species that are listed at the regional level alone are woody species (23 trees, 9 shrubs, 6 woody vines), followed by 29 herbs (19 annual herbs, 10 perennial herbs) and 11 aquatic plants. By presenting the regulated species and by identifying the most relevant species, the present study will provide an important tool to support plant invasion research and management and for the application of Regulation (EU) no. 1143/2014 on invasive alien species.

The integration of international, national and local regulations is one of the fundamental steps for preventing, controlling and managing biological invasions. The aim of the present study is to present and analyse, for the first time, the list of all non-native plant species that are regulated in Italy by the European, Italian and regional legislation in force. To date, there are 147 non-native plant taxa regulated. This number includes the 36 invasive alien plants of European Union concern and additional 111 taxa (95 species and 16 collective taxa) that have been listed at the regional level alone. A total of 19 plants of European Union concern and 95 regulated plants are present in the wild in at least one administrative region. The majority of the 95 species that are listed at the regional level alone are woody species (23 trees, 9 shrubs, 6 woody vines), followed by 29 herbs (19 annual herbs, 10 perennial herbs) and 11 aquatic plants. By presenting the regulated species and by identifying the most relevant species, the present study will provide an important tool to support plant invasion research and management and for the application of Regulation (EU) no. 1143/2014 on invasive alien species.

Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options. A workshop was held in 2019 to develop global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees, using the Council of Europe – Bern Convention Code of Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point. The global guidelines consist of eight recommendations: 1) Use native trees, or non-invasive non-native trees, in preference to invasive non-native trees; 2) Be aware of and comply with international, national, and regional regulations concerning non-native trees; 3) Be aware of the risk of invasion and consider global change trends; 4) Design and adopt tailored practices for plantation site selection and silvicultural management; 5) Promote and implement early detection and rapid response programmes; 6) Design and adopt tailored practices for invasive non-native tree control, habitat restoration, and for dealing with highly modified ecosystems; 7) Engage with stakeholders on the risks posed by invasive non-native trees, the impacts caused, and the options for management; and 8) Develop and support global networks, collaborative research, and information sharing on native and non-native trees. The global guidelines are a first step towards building global consensus on the precautions that should be taken when introducing and planting non-native trees. They are voluntary and are intended to complement statutory requirements under international and national legislation. The application of the global guidelines and the achievement of their goals will help to conserve forest biodiversity, ensure sustainable forestry, and contribute to the achievement of several ...