Suchergebnisse

He article was conceived as a search for a solution to the global problem of the reboot of modern capitalism in the Slavic community. The author summarized five fundamental/enduring properties of the Slavic community: common ownership of production means (land, primarily); common labor, with the obligatory personal labor contribution of a member of the community; common faith "in verity, in the truth, in God" (according to K.S. Aksakov); sobornost "as a need for mass gatherings, meetings, co-existence of community members" (according to B.A. Rybakov); and the smoothing of differences between social estates. The author considers all these properties of the Slavic community in the context of the concept of dynamic equilibrium, when changes in some properties affect changes in others and the phenomenon as a whole. Sobornost is interpreted as a feature of a cyclic nature, periodically suppressed by oppressive factors (the reforms of Peter the Great, market reforms in the recent history of Russia), but restored on a renewed soil. Common ownership is described through the search for a harmonious relationship between personal and common property (with the condition of its preservation, without the pursuit of maximum profit) both in the land sphere and in the sphere of modern home ownership. The description of common labor and the smoothness of differences between social estates focuses on the respect for physical labor on the part of different classes of the population (on the examples of the tsars Ivan the Terrible and Peter the Great) and is opposed to the modern devaluation of labor as a primary factor of production. The dynamics of these five properties of the Slavic community is analyzed in relation to a number of empirical community phenomena: a land peasant community, an Old Believer community, a communal factory, a commune, an artel/cooperative, collective gardening, households, and apartment buildings in modern Russia. The author shares the opinion of domestic and foreign researchers about the non-formational nature of the Slavic community and concludes that these five fundamental properties of the Slavic community are capable of determining the country's perspective economic image.

The authors explore the best Russian and foreign practices of academic fundraising. The key problem of the study is the search for factors that increase the number of participants in academic fundraising in modern Russia. The authors focus on student philanthropy – a phenomenon that is not represented in modern Russian practice and, accordingly, in the scholarly discourse of Russian authors. The study has revealed that the formation of a culture of donations in the interests of the prosperity of one's alma mater in financial or non-financial forms is excluded from the modern context of the formation of educational content and students' competencies in Russia. In-depth interviews with employees of Russian universities' endowments and a literature review conducted during the study made it possible to identify the common best practice of Russian and foreign universities in terms of mass fundraising – the use of social networks. The authors tested and confirmed a hypothesis that there is a close connection between the activities of endowments and alumni associations as holders of up-to-date databases of student and alumni contacts at ten leading Russian universities. The analysis of the financial performance of Russian universities' alumni associations that are legal entities revealed the unique experience of entrepreneurial activities of the St. Petersburg State University Alumni Association, including the sale of souvenirs. The authors described a unique experiment of Tomsk State University on the creation of the UniProfi platform to promote students' employment in graduates' companies as a promising factor in increasing the number of participants in academic fundraising. The authors also presented a negative experience of starting a new practice by the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology endowment: "Make a will in favor of MIPT!". The novelty of the study lies in the identification of youth fashion for social entrepreneurship both in Russia and abroad as a new factor in increasing the number of participants in academic fundraising. The authors propose to consider student philanthropy and youth social entrepreneurship in close relationship with the growth of the cumulative financial and non-financial effects.

The article continues the series of articles in memory of Aleksandr Petrovich Bychkov, honorary citizen of Tomsk, rector of Tomsk State University (TSU) (1967–1983) and head of the Department of Political Economy of TSU (1966–1991). The article focuses on the fundamental scientific works of Aleksandr Bychkov as the founder of the Property and Economic Relations scientific school at the TSU Department of Political Economy. During his life (1921–2009), Professor Bychkov undoubtedly managed to build a successful model for the organization and development of scientific knowledge, and a system of continuous professional development for political economy instructors. Holding the high post of the TSU rector for a long time, Professor Bychkov managed to gather his associates in the field of economic education around himself and raise a lot of students and followers, numerous candidates and doctors of economic sciences, faculty and heads of political economy departments of universities in Siberia and the Far East. Professor Bychkov formulated and implemented a highly controversial long-term research program in two sectors (collective farms and the state) and two forms of public ownership in agriculture (kolkhoz–cooperative and state), from which his scientific school developed. Professor Bychkov traced the evolution from the emergence of a collective form of ownership to collective farm forms of land management. The fact that this research program deserves the status of a major scientific problem in the USSR is proved by the scientific session of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the history of peasant and collective farm construction in the USSR, held in Moscow in the period between Bychkov's defenses of his candidate of science (1955) and doctor of science (1966) dissertations. According to Professor Bychkov, property relations in their economic essence should be separated from their legal expression and should include the entire set of production relations of people in the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods.

The article discusses the problem of the reducing life quality of Russians in the new conditions of the market economy. The Russian phenomenon of the use of "palm oil" as a priority raw material in food production is analyzed against the decrease in its use in the EU countriesand against the expansion of the daily diet of the Chinese due to increased dairy food consumption. Opposing points of view of key industry associations (the Dairy Union of Russia and the Fat and Oil Union of Russia) have been identified and are presented in the context of palm oil use in dairy food production. The results of a statistical study of the demand for palm oil from Russian importers against the background of an increase in the value-added tax rate from 10 to 20% in October 2019 are presented. The data of customs statistics on palm oil imports were analyzed in the context of countries of origin, nine codes of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity, months and years within the five-year period of 2016–2020, as well as in the context of the importing regions of Russia. The results of statistical processing of data by the Federal Customs Service revealed no effect of the sharp increase in the VAT rate on the volume of palm oil imports. The analysis of foreign statistics revealed a significant presence of actors in the chemical industry among transnational companies that are the largest consumers of palm oil. The model of entrepreneurial behavior based on consumption in palm oil production, formed and widely spread in the Russian food industry market, is criticized. 98% of palm oil and its fractions imported into Russia goes to the needs of food industry enterprises, and the authors consider that the foreign ownership of these enterprises plays an important role. In the authors' opinion, in many respects, the latter fact determined our country's ranking first in the food chemistry sector in the distribution of published patent applications by technology field for the top 10 origins in 2014–2016. In this respect, Russia is far ahead of China, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Germany, the UK,France, and Switzerland. In China, systematic research is being carried out on the ratio of palm oil use in the food (primarily, instant noodles, other fast food) and non-food (chemical industry, including cosmetics production) sectors.