Suchergebnisse

Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Archaeology of the Communist Era -- Introduction -- Chapter 2: Sickle, Hammer, and Trowel: Theory and Practice of Archaeology Under Communism -- Introduction -- Archaeology and Ideology -- Archaeology and Political Change -- "Communist Archaeology" Data and Methods -- The Stalinist Era -- The Thaw -- Socialism with a Human Face -- 1980s and Perestroika -- Discussion -- Archaeology as History-with-Spade -- Exploratory Thoughts on Archaeological Theory Under Communism: Historical and Dialectical Materialism -- Dialectical and Materialistic Approach to the Past -- University Teaching 1945-1956 (Stalinist Era) -- University Teaching in the 1960s (The Thaw) -- Socialism with the Human Face and Perestroika (the 1970s and 1980s) -- Publications with No Theoretical Content -- Publications with Historical Materialism as Methodology -- Publications with Historical Materialism as Theory -- Publications with Marxist-Inspired Theoretical Trends -- Comparative Data on Publications -- Marxist Thoughts in Archaeologies Outside of the Warsaw Pact -- The "Red Tail" Tactic -- State Control and National Archaeologies -- State Sponsoring: Centralization of Funding -- Hierarchal Structure of Archaeological Institutions -- Archaeology as State Propaganda: National Archaeologies -- Cuba and the Caribbean Region -- Former Yugoslavia -- Communist China -- Archaeology and the Public -- Marxist-Inspired Archaeology and Postcolonial Context -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Archaeology in Soviet Russia -- Preamble -- Marxism in My Biography -- Archaeology in the Revolution and Revolution in Archaeology -- Catastrophe and Innovations -- Moscow Dash -- Leningrad Breakthrough -- Summing up the Revolutionary Period -- Archaeology and the Process of Stalinization

This volume offers a new perspective on social dynamics and culture change in the North Central European Plains (NCEP) from 600 to 900 CE. Using archaeological evidence, this volume follows and analyzes the rise of social complexity in this region. It discusses long-term causal processes leading to the formation of state at the fringes of the Merovingian and Frankish Kingdoms, the Carolingian and the Holy Roman Empire, the Scandinavian Kingdoms, the Czech Kingdom, and the Kingdom of Rus. The central problem addressed is accounting for and explaining the transition from noncomplex to supra-tribal polities between 600 and 900 CE. The examined evidence shows that a very basic community-level management of common pool resources seems a successful strategy to manage short term risk and may lead to sustainable higher level political organization. In conclusion it present a models of social dynamics of the NCEP, 600-900 CE that suggests that the state formation process was an outcome of spontaneous processes and deterministic factors occurring within a period of approximately 400 years, of which the last two hundred years (800-900 CE) were the most critical. In a broader context, the point discussed is that societal decisions with short-term goals have long-term consequences

This volume offers a new perspective on social dynamics and culture change in the North Central European Plains (NCEP) from 600 to 900 CE. It discusses long-term causal processes leading to the formation of state at the fringes of the Merovingian and Frankish Kingdoms, the Carolingian and the Holy Roman Empire, the Scandinavian Kingdoms, the Czech Kingdom, and the Kingdom of Rus. The central problem addressed is how to account for and explain the transition from noncomplex to supra-tribal polities between 600 and 900 CE. The examined evidence shows that a very basic community-level management.

Foreword -- Introduction -- The Tragedy of the Commons: A Theoretical Update -- Who is in the Commons? Defining Community and Management Practices in Long Term Natural Resource Management -- Managing risk through cooperation: Need-based transfers and risk pooling among the societies of the Human Generosity Project -- Trolls, Water, Time, and Community: Resource Management in the Mývatn District of Northeast Iceland -- Organization of high-altitude summer pastures: the dialectics of conflict and cooperation -- Large-Scale Land Acquisition as Commons Grabbing: A comparative analysis of six African case studies -- Open Access, Open Systems: Pastoral Resource Management in the Chad Basin -- Mollusk Harvesting in the Pre-European Contact Pacific Islands: investigating Resilience and Sustainability -- Environment and Landscapes of Latin America's Past -- Collaborative and Competitive Strategies in the Variability and Resiliency of Early Complex Societies in Mesoamerica -- The Native California Commons: Ethnographic and Archaeological Perspectives on Land Control, Resource Use, and Management -- Identifying Common Pool Resources in the Archaeological Record: A Case Study of Water Commons from the North American Southwest

Evolution and the Study of Human Origins and Behavior -- Human Ecology, Evolution, and Politics -- Foraging -- Horticulture: Feeding the Household -- Nomadic Pastoralism -- The Rise of Intensive Agriculture: Feeding the Cities -- The New Frontier: Feeding the World -- Global Challenges in Anthropological Perspective.