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Policy advocacy by nonprofits has attracted substantial scholarly interest in recent years. Although considerable empirical studies have examined factors influencing nonprofit participation in policy advocacy, the existing evidence remains inconsistent as to what factors influence nonprofits to engage in policy advocacy and to what extent. The present study conducts a meta-analysis to quantitatively synthesize existing studies on the organizational antecedents of nonprofit advocacy engagement. Through systematically reviewing 46 studies and aggregating 559 effect sizes on 17 organizational predictors, the study finds organizational size, professionalization, board support, constituent involvement, knowledge about laws, government funding, private donations, foundation funding, collaboration, and negative policy environment have positive and significant relationships with a nonprofit's level of advocacy engagement. The study contributes a clear knowledge base to guide future nonprofit advocacy research and practice.

This article examines the impact of government funding on nonprofit participation in policy advocacy. Previous literature has proposed that government funding may either encourage or inhibit nonprofit involvement in policy advocacy. This study, using a meta-analysis of 38 existing studies with 218 effect sizes, finds a slight positive association between the level of government funding a nonprofit receives and the level of policy advocacy the nonprofit participates in. Government funding could be a weak catalyst, rather than an obstacle, for nonprofits to participate in the policy process. Furthermore, the study finds that this effect of government funding might be generalizable to non-U.S. countries. Government funding is also associated with nonprofits' increasing use of insider advocacy strategy. Overall, government funding seems not a key predictor of the level of nonprofit advocacy engagement. Nonprofit leaders should not consider government funding a barrier for them to fulfill their critical advocacy obligations.

Do government grants displace or leverage private donations to nonprofit organizations? Although research on this topic is flourishing, the findings remain extremely contradictory, creating difficulty in developing a cumulative knowledge available to scholars and practitioners. This study employs a meta‐analysis to systematically synthesize the competing findings from the existing literature. Using a sample of sixty original studies with 637 effect sizes, this study finds government grants have almost no correlation with private donations. In addition, this study demonstrates, through meta‐regression, that nonprofit subsector variation, organizational age as a control, longitudinal data structure, and endogeneity correction help explain the effect size heterogeneity within and across original studies. Nonprofits should be more concerned about the capacity of competing for different funding sources rather than the tradeoff among them.

Performance-based contracting (PBC) is becoming increasingly attractive to public human service agencies. By linking contract compensation to contractors' performance, PBC is expected to foster quality services, to improve outcomes, and to reduce government monitoring. However, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of PBC remains both limited and mixed. Based on a case study of the Indiana vocational rehabilitation program, this article employs a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the effectiveness of PBC for individual employment outcomes over the 2004–09 period, with the Michigan vocational rehabilitation program as a control. Using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences regressions to control for the imbalances between the two states, this article finds that PBC significantly improves employment results and reduces time to employment, two measured performance indicators. However, the impact of PBC on unmeasured employment quality, as indicated by working hours and wages, is trivial. This article further suggests relational contracting as a supplemental mechanism for PBC in human service provision.

Government represents one of the most important funding sources for nonprofit organizations. However, the literature has not yet provided a systematic understanding of nonprofits' organizational factors that are associated with their receipts of government funding. This study combines interorganizational relationships and organizational institutionalism literature to examine the determinants of nonprofits' obtainment of government funding. Based on a survey of human service nonprofits in Maryland, this research finds that nonprofits with higher bureaucratic orientation, stronger domain consensus with government, and longer government funding history are more likely to receive government contracts and grants. Nonprofits' revenue diversification, professionalization, and board co‐optation might have very limited impacts.

AbstractIn the field of government contracting research, whether and to what extent political ideology drives government contracting has been a subject of ongoing debate for decades. This study conducts a comprehensive meta‐analysis, incorporating 418 effect sizes drawn from 68 previous studies spanning over three decades. The findings indicate that right‐wing political ideology generally yields a significant, positive effect on driving contracting out. Moreover, meta‐regression analysis suggests that this ideological effect is stronger in government contracting for social services and in non‐Anglo‐American administrative traditions. The results emphasize the enduring relevance of political ideology in government contracting decisions, even though its impact may vary slightly in magnitude and circumstances.

The dissolution of nonprofit organizations has been increasingly documented by scholars in recent decades. Within this body of literature, how nonprofits' community environments affect their dissolution has not been extensively studied. This research combines a range of data sources to conduct a longitudinal analysis (2007–2015) of how two community factors influence the dissolution of nonprofit organizations across U.S. counties: demographic heterogeneity and political ideology. The study finds that counties with higher demographic heterogeneity and more liberal ideology generally experience higher levels of nonprofit dissolution, although these effects vary slightly across nonprofits' service fields. The findings extend the literature on nonprofit dissolution and offer implications for nonprofits to promote organizational sustainability.

Les marchés publics avec des organisations à but non lucratif pour la prestation de services sont devenus une pratique courante dans le paysage de l'administration publique. Dans la présente recherche, nous examinons les types d'organisations à but non lucratif qui sont les plus susceptibles de bénéficier de fonds publics pour la prestation de services. En considérant la recherche de financement public par les organisations à but non lucratif comme un effort interorganisationnel, nous examinons les facteurs contextuels et organisationnels qui influencent l'obtention de financement public par ces organisations. Sur la base des données recueillies dans le cadre d'une enquête nationale sur les organisations sans but lucratif chinoises, nous observons une relation contractuelle étroite entre le gouvernement et les organisations sans but lucratif. Une analyse plus approfondie suggère que la défense des politiques, la cooptation par le conseil d'administration, la concurrence externe et la formalisation de l'organisation ont un impact positif sur l'obtention de financements publics, tandis que la collaboration interorganisationnelle et la professionnalisation des organisations ne semblent pas jouer un rôle significatif. À notre connaissance, la présente étude représente la première enquête nationale sur les marchés publics entre le gouvernement et les organismes sans but lucratif en Chine. Les résultats enrichissent la littérature en ajoutant de nouvelles données empiriques issues d'un contexte autoritaire. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Dans la présente étude, nous examinons les facteurs contextuels et organisationnels qui influent sur l'obtention par les organismes sans but lucratif chinois de marchés d'achat de services du gouvernement. Les résultats indiquent que les organisations sans but lucratif qui s'engagent dans davantage d'activités de défense des politiques, dont les conseils d'administration comptent plus de personnes ayant une expérience de travail au sein du gouvernement, qui font face à une plus forte concurrence dans l'acquisition de ressources et la prestation de services de la part des environnements opérationnels, et qui adoptent des structures et des procédures plus formelles dans les opérations organisationnelles, obtiendraient davantage de contrats gouvernementaux.