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A key component of the U.S. public diplomacy effort is its ability to communicate with ordinary citizens in other countries. The organization tasked with ensuring the U.S. broadcasting message gets through is the Broadcasting Board of Governors, which oversees the operations of the Voice of America, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Free Asia, the Middle East Broadcasting Network and the Office of Cuba Broadcasting. The time is right for a critical look at our Middle East broadcasting operations, where we are struggling for market share in a media market that grows more crowded every day. Adapted from the source document.

This paper (a revised version of a speech delivered by US Senator Lugar [Indiana] at the American Council on Germany during the EU-US Summit in Washington, DC, in Apr 2007) contends that the cutoff of energy supplies as a weapon used by oil-producing countries against their non-oil-producing neighbors is currently a potential reality in today's geo-strategic environment. This scenario is particularly true of Europe & the surrounding regions. The political leverage of a shortage or cutoff of natural gas supplies is even greater, since Europe depends on very few suppliers. It is argued that the trans-Atlantic community must take action now to reduce energy vulnerability, with NATO & the EU working together to develop an action plan for responding to such a cutoff -- not a military response, but rather a range of options for deterring the use of energy cutoff as a weapon & for member nations to help each other in the case of such an "attack.". Adapted from the source document.