Suchergebnisse

This essay examines Roberto Fernández Retamar's groundbreaking Calibán (1971) and his revision "Calibán revisitado" (1986), within their historical, political, and literary contexts. A few months before the publication of Calibán, the arrest of Cuban poet Heberto Padilla produced dissention among European and Latin American intellectual supporters of Cuba's revolution. Castro's condemnation of "bourgeois intellectuals" became the basis of Fernández Retamar's essay, and Shakespeare's The Tempest best addressed the relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed in Cuba and Latin America. Fernández Retamar traced the main characters from their inception in Shakespeare's play to his own essay; for him, the United States exemplifies Prospero and Cuba is Caliban. Fifteen years later, Fernández Retamar revisited his essay—he attacks certain Latin American intellectuals but is conciliatory toward others. Ongoing events in the Cuban Revolution—in particular, the 1980 Mariel boatlift and subsequent efforts by Cuba's youth to abandon the island—provide a framework for understanding why Fernández Retamar revised a position that made him one of the leading critics of Cuba and Latin America's intellectual world.

Introduction: Several authors define local development as the consequence of a structured planning where economic, social, natural, political and administrative aspects are analyzed; to this is added the existing legal regulations within the Ecuadorian territory that generates the mandatory nature of planning through the elements called Development and Land Management Plans (PDOT). Objective: To determine the effects of the implementation of the PDOTs on local development in the parishes of the Canton of Sígsig in the period 2014-2014. Methodology: A quantitative and qualitative approach and the application of the theoretical and empirical method through surveys were used. Results: From the analysis carried out in each of the six parish governments, it was determined that they comply with the elaboration of the PDOTs and the generation of plans, programs and projects; however, these proposals differ in practice, since these proposed projects are not executed, and inequity is observed in the planning and execution. The projects that were carried out were minimal in relation to the proposed projects, generating discontent among the population to the point of indicating that there has been no environmental, social, economic and administrative development in their territories and the little that has existed has been at the initiative of the inhabitants because they do not feel that they have benefited from the Conclusions: Local territorial planning is carried out as part of a legal requirement but not for purposes related to local development, economic growth, environmental care or improvement of governance. In the planning processes, the population does not participate in their own development, highlighting the high lack of knowledge of the population about planning, projects to be implemented and their investment, which has been carried out only in certain areas and few beneficiaries. ; Introducción: Varios autores definen al desarrollo local como la consecuencia de una planificación estructurada en donde se analizan aspectos económicos, sociales, naturales, políticos administrativos; a esto se suma la normativa legal existente dentro del territorio ecuatoriano que genera la obligatoriedad de la planificación a través de los elementos denominados Planes de Desarrollo y Ordenamiento Territorial (PDOT). Objetivo: Determinar los efectos de la implementación de los PDOTs en el desarrollo local en las parroquias del Cantón Sígsig en el periodo 2014-2014. Metodología: Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo y la aplicación del método teórico y empírico realizado a través de encuestas. Resultados: De los análisis ejecutados a cada uno de los seis gobiernos parroquiales se determina que cumplen con la elaboración de los PDOTs y la generación de planes, programas y proyectos, sin embargo, estas propuestas difieren en la práctica, puesto que estos proyectos planteados no se ejecutan, además que se observa inequidad dentro de la planificación y su ejecución. Los proyectos que se cumplieron fueron mínimos en relación a los proyectos propuestos, generando descontento en la población a tal punto de indicar que no ha existido desarrollo ambiental, social, económico y administrativo en sus territorios y lo poco que existió ha sido por iniciativa propia de sus habitantes puesto que no se sienten beneficiados. Conclusiones: La planificación territorial local se la ejecuta como parte de una exigencia legal mas no con fines relacionados al desarrollo local, crecimiento económico, cuidado ambiental o mejoramiento de la gobernanza. En los procesos de planificación la población no es participe de su propio desarrollo, resaltando el alto desconocimiento de la población sobre la planificación, los proyectos a implementarse y su inversión, la cual se a realizado solo en espacios determinados y pocos beneficiarios.