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ABSTRACT Integrative and Complementary Practices in Health include different health care forms and have been present for more than decades in health services in the Federal District, where the implementation assessment of your policy is not completely defined. To assist in understanding reality, an Evaluability Study was carried out collaboratively, involving discussion with stakeholders, questionnaires and consultation of documents. The policy components were identified, organized and modeled. A simplified-logical-model and one of the operational-logical-models, validated by the participants, are presented in this article. For policy evaluation, the initial aspects of the modeled logical implementation chain were prioritized. It was identified as fundamental the promotion of the actors' knowledge about the set of resources to the implementation of the Integrative Practices services and about the related intersectoral responsibilities. Formative, qualitative and collaborative assessments are suggested. The modeling carried out in the studies of this policy, shed light on the study of similar ones.

RESUMO As Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde incluem diversas formas de cuidado de saúde e estão presentes há mais de três décadas nos serviços de saúde no Distrito Federal, onde a avaliação de implantação da sua política não está completamente definida. Para auxiliar na compreensão da realidade, foi realizado Estudo de Avaliabilidade, de forma colaborativa, envolvendo discussão com stakeholders, questionários e consulta a documentos. Foram identificados, organizados e modelizados os componentes da política. Um Modelo-lógico simplificado e um dos modelos-lógico-operacionais, com conteúdo validado pelos participantes, são apresentados neste artigo. Para avaliação da política, foram priorizados aspectos iniciais da cadeia lógica de implementação modelizada. Identificou-se como fundamental o fomento ao conhecimento dos atores sobre o conjunto de recursos necessários para implementação de serviços de práticas integrativas e sobre as responsabilidades intersetoriais relacionadas. Sugerem-se avaliações formativas, qualitativas e colaborativas. A modelização realizada possibilita continuidade nos estudos desta política, lançando luz ao estudo de políticas semelhantes.

RESUMO O artigo objetivou descrever a evolução do número de ações judiciais com pedido de fornecimento de medicamentos no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva retrospectiva, realizada no banco de dados do Tribunal de Justiça, em que se descreve a evolução do número de ações judiciais no período 2010-2017. Os dados foram analisados segundo as variáveis: Município, Região de Saúde e porte populacional. Das 87 comarcas (em 84 municípios), 62 tiveram aumento nos números de processos. A Comarca da Capital concentrou o maior número de processos tombados, variando de 2.026 a 2.797, com padrão semelhante ao do Estado. Observou-se o maior aumento no número de ações nos municípios de Pequeno Porte I (158,1%) e queda de 10,2% nos municípios de Médio Porte. À exceção da Metrópole, o aumento foi mais pronunciado em 2014-2017 em relação a 2010-2014. Houve marcado aumento de processos no Juizado Especial Fazendário em detrimento das Varas de Fazenda Pública. Conclui-se que a despeito da tendência geral de crescimento, este apresentou tendência diferente em função da Comarca, da Região e do porte populacional dos municípios, sugerindo potencial interferência de atores institucionais. Adicionalmente, constatou-se a migração das demandas para os Juizados Especiais Fazendários na Capital.

Objetivou-se descrever o desenvolvimento de etapas do estudo de avaliabilidade dos serviços farmacêuticos na Atenção Primária à Saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro. Pesquisa documental, com entrevistas realizadas para identificar objetivos, metas e envolvidos nos serviços na atenção primária. Estes subsidiaram a construção do Modelo Lógico de intervenção que priorizou o desenvolvimento de atividades voltadas para o cuidado com o usuário e as comunidades, considerando duas células operacionais: gestão técnica do medicamento e gestão do cuidado. O estudo de avaliabilidade mostrou-se fundamental por possibilitar organizar a construção do modelo do serviço farmacêutico com base em seus pressupostos.

ABSTRACT The pharmacist play a vital role in PHC. However, studies addressing how pharmacists influence the health care network are still scarce. We aim to verify to what extent the inclusion of pharmacists in PHC Units (UBS) in the country is associated with the expanded structural aspects of pharmacies and drug availability in Brazil. This cross-sectional, retrospective, and analytical study employed secondary data from cycles 2 (2014) and 3 (2017) of the external evaluation of the Improvement of Access and Quality of Primary Care Program (PMAQ-AB) and the National Register of Health Facilities (CNES) databases. The results showed an essential centralization in drug dispensing over PMAQ-AB cycles 2 and 3. In contrast, we identified an improvement in the structural aspects of the UBS pharmaceutical services and an increase in the mean drug availability and the total UBS with drug availability ≥ 80%. Such advances were even more significant in the presence of registered pharmacists at the UBS. We conclude by stating that the presence of pharmacists in the PHC of the Unified Health System (SUS) enhances drug availability and provides better structural conditions for PHC pharmacy services.

RESUMO O farmacêutico tem importante papel nas unidades de saúde da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). No entanto, ainda são escassos no Brasil estudos que abordem a influência do farmacêutico na rede assistencial de saúde. O artigo tem como objetivo verificar em que medida a inserção dos farmacêuticos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do País está associada à ampliação de aspectos estruturais das farmácias e à disponibilidade de medicamentos. Trata-se de estudo transversal, retrospectivo e analítico, que utilizou dados secundários do 2º (2014) e 3º (2017) ciclos da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria de Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). Os resultados mostraram importante centralização na dispensação de medicamentos ao longo do 2º e 3ºs ciclos PMAQ-AB. Em contrapartida, identificou-se melhora nos aspectos estruturais nas farmácias das UBS e incremento tanto na disponibilidade média de medicamentos como no total de UBS com disponibilidade de medicamentos ≥80%. Tais avanços foram ainda maiores na existência de farmacêutico cadastrado na UBS. Evidenciou-se a relevância do farmacêutico na APS no Sistema Único de Saúde, uma vez que sua presença potencializa tanto a disponibilidade de medicamentos como também propicia melhores condições estruturais dos serviços de farmácia da APS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate trends in the use of generic and non-generic medicines to treat hypertension and diabetes under the Farmácia Popular Program (FP) and its impact on generic medicines sales volume and market share in the Brazilian pharmaceutical market. METHODS: This longitudinal, retrospective study used interrupted time series design to analyze changes in monthly sales volume and proportion of medicines sales (market share) for oral antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines for generic versus non-generic products. Analyses were conducted in a combined dataset that aggregate monthly sales volumes from the Farmácia Popular program and from the QuintilesIMS™ (IQVIA) national market sales data from January 2007 to December 2012. The Farmácia Popular program phases analyzed included: a) 2009 reductions in medicines reference prices (AFP-II) and b) 2011 implementation of free medicines program for hypertension and diabetes, the Saúde não tem preço (SNTP – Health has no price). RESULTS: Patterns of use for FP-covered antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines were similar to their use in the market in general. After one year of the decreases in government subsidies in April 2010, market share of antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines experienced relative declines of -54.5% and -59.9%, respectively. However, when FP-covered medicines were made free to patients, overall market volume for antidiabetic and antihypertensive generics increased dramatically, with 242.6% and 277.0% relative increases by February 2012, as well as non-generics with relative increase of 209.7% and 279% for antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Ministry of Health policies on the amount of patient cost sharing and on the choice of medicines on coverage lists have substantial impacts on overall generic sales volume in retail pharmacies.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate trends in the use of generic and non-generic medicines to treat hypertension and diabetes under the Farmácia Popular Program (FP) and its impact on generic medicines sales volume and market share in the Brazilian pharmaceutical market. METHODS This longitudinal, retrospective study used interrupted time series design to analyze changes in monthly sales volume and proportion of medicines sales (market share) for oral antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines for generic versus non-generic products. Analyses were conducted in a combined dataset that aggregate monthly sales volumes from the Farmácia Popular program and from the QuintilesIMS™ (IQVIA) national market sales data from January 2007 to December 2012. The Farmácia Popular program phases analyzed included: a) 2009 reductions in medicines reference prices (AFP-II) and b) 2011 implementation of free medicines program for hypertension and diabetes, the Saúde não tem preço (SNTP – Health has no price). RESULTS Patterns of use for FP-covered antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines were similar to their use in the market in general. After one year of the decreases in government subsidies in April 2010, market share of antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines experienced relative declines of -54.5% and -59.9%, respectively. However, when FP-covered medicines were made free to patients, overall market volume for antidiabetic and antihypertensive generics increased dramatically, with 242.6% and 277.0% relative increases by February 2012, as well as non-generics with relative increase of 209.7% and 279% for antidiabetic and antihypertensive medicines, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Ministry of Health policies on the amount of patient cost sharing and on the choice of medicines on coverage lists have substantial impacts on overall generic sales volume in retail pharmacies.

Abstract This paper aims to analyse changes in the retail pharmaceutical market following policy changes in the Farmácia Popular Program (FP), a medicines subsidy program in Brazil. The retrospective longitudinal analyses focus on therapeutic class of agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system. Data obtained from QuintilesIMS (formerly IMS Health) included private retail pharmacy sales volume (pharmaceutical units) and sales values from 2002 to 2013. Analyses evaluated changes in market share following key FP policy changes. The therapeutic class was selected due to its relevance to hypertension treatment. Market share was analysed by therapeutic sub-classes and by individual company. Losartan as a single product accounted for the highest market share among angiotensin II antagonists. National companies had higher sales volume during the study period, while multinational companies had higher sales value. Changes in pharmaceutical market share coincided with the inclusion of specific products in the list of medicines covered by FP and with increases in or exemption from patient copayment.

BACKGROUND: Growing expenditures on prescription medicines represent a major challenge to many health systems. Cap and co‐payment policies are intended as an incentive to deter unnecessary or marginal utilisation, and to reduce third‐party payer expenditures by shifting parts of the financial burden from insurers to patients, thus increasing their financial responsibility for prescription medicines. Direct patient payment policies include caps (maximum numbers of prescriptions or medicines that are reimbursed), fixed co‐payments (patients pay a fixed amount per prescription or medicine), co‐insurance (patients pay a percentage of the price), ceilings (patients pay the full price or part of the cost up to a ceiling, after which medicines are free or are available at reduced cost) and tier co‐payments (differential co‐payments usually assigned to generic and brand medicines). This is the first update of the original review. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of cap and co‐payment (cost‐sharing) policies on use of medicines, healthcare utilisation, health outcomes and costs (expenditures). SEARCH METHODS: For this update, we searched the following databases and websites: The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (including the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Library; MEDLINE, Ovid; EMBASE, Ovid; IPSA, EBSCO; EconLit, ProQuest; Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, ProQuest; PAIS International, ProQuest; INRUD Bibliography; WHOLIS, WHO; LILACS), VHL; Global Health Library WHO; PubMed, NHL; SCOPUS; SciELO, BIREME; OpenGrey; JOLIS Library Network; OECD Library; World Bank e‐Library; World Health Organization, WHO; World Bank Documents & Reports; International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), WHO; ClinicalTrials.gov, NIH. We searched all databases during January and February 2013, apart from SciELO, which we searched in January 2012, and ICTRP and ClinicalTrials.gov, which we searched in March 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: ...