Suchergebnisse

Keynesian theory predicts output responses upon a fiscal expansion in a small open economy to be larger under fixed than floating exchange rates. We analyse the effects of fiscal expansions using a New Keynesian model and find that the reverse holds in the presence of sovereign default risk. By raising sovereign risk, a fiscal expansion worsens private credit conditions and reduces consumption; these adverse effects are offset by an exchange rate depreciation and a rise in exports under a float, yet not under a peg. We find that output responses can even be negative when exchange rates are held fixed, suggesting the possibility of expansionary fiscal consolidations.

We propose a stochastic indicator to assess government debt sustainability. This indicator combines the effect of economic uncertainty –represented by stochastic simulations of interest and growth rates– with the expected fiscal response that provides information on the long-term country specific attitude towards fiscal sustainability. We apply our framework on post-war data for nine OECD countries and find that our indicator –the potential increase in debt in bad states of the world– distinguishes countries that have sustainability concerns: Italy, Spain, Portugal and Iceland, from those that do not: United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.