Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1. The problematics of liberal democracy and democratic process: lessons for deconstructing and building African democracies / Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo -- Chapter 2. Reflections on the question of political transition in Africa: the police state / Rachid Tlemçani -- Chapter 3. An explanation of electoral attitudes in Cameroon 1990-92: towards a new appraisal / Joseph-Marie Zambo Belinga -- Chapter 4. Factors influencing women's participation in democratization and electoral processes in Kenya: a case study of Gusii women 1992-97 / Beatrice N. Onsarigo -- Chapter 5. Alliances in the political and electoral process in the Republic of Congo 1991-97 / Joachim Emmanuel Goma-Thethet -- Chapter 6. The electoral process and the 2000 general elections in Ghana / Emmanuel Debrah -- Chapter 7. Voting without choosing: interrogating the crisis of 'electoral democracy' in Nigeria / W. Alade Fawole --Chapter 8. The electoral process in the Central African Republic in 1993 and 1999: protagonists and challenges / Aimé Samuel Saba -- Chapter 9. Conclusion: beyond the current discourse on democracy and democratic process in Africa / Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo -- Index.

International relations at large and Africa's in particular are shaped by the actors' historical location, by what they offer economically and culturally, and by who they are socially. In international relations nations tend to deal with objective conditions as they are or as they are perceived. However, Lumumba-Kasongo demonstrates through case-studies of Liberia and Zaire/Congo that what the objective conditions are may not necessarily be what they ought to be in the national development process.

In April 1955, a historic conference was held in Bandung, Indonesia. Political leaders from 29 Asian and African countries gathered on the initiative of the leaders from China, Indonesia, India, Pakistan, and Myanmar, to address the issues about economic co-operation, self-determination, decolonization and the peace. These ideas contributed to the creation of the non-alignment movement (NAM). However, in Africa, Nkrumah's proposal for political unity was defeated, which led to the creation of the Organization of the African Unity as a compromise. NAM was later penetrated from within by the forces of imperialism, notably dictatorships and authoritarian regimes supported by the United States, the Soviet Union, the former colonial powers and their local cronies, weakening its functionality.