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This book is the first modern survey of the economic and social history of Brazil from early man to today. Drawing from a wide range of qualitative and quantitative data, it provides a comprehensive overview of the major developments that defined the evolution of Brazil. Beginning with the original human settlements in pre-Colombian society, it moves on to discuss the Portuguese Empire and colonization, specifically the importance of slave labor, sugar, coffee, and gold in shaping Brazil's economic and societal development. Finally, it analyzes the revolutionary changes that have occurred in the past half century, transforming Brazil from a primarily rural and illiterate society to an overwhelmingly urban, literate, and industrial one. Sweeping and influential, Herbert S. Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna's synthesis is the first of its kind on Brazil

1. Introduction -- 2. The Modernization of Brazilian Agriculture Since 1950 -- 3. The changing structure of Brazilian Agriculture 1920-2017 -- 4. Soybeans -- 5. Maize -- 6. Cotton -- 7. Orange Juice -- 8. Sugar and Ethanol -- 9. Coffee -- 10. Cellulose Industry -- 11. Cattle -- 12. Chickens and Swine -- 13. Sustainability -- 14. Conclusion.

Herbert S. Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna present a sweeping narrative of social change in Brazil that documents its transition from a predominantly rural and illiterate society in 1950, to an overwhelmingly urban, modern, and literate society in the twenty-first century. Tracing this radical evolution reveals how industrialization created a new labor force, how demographic shifts reorganized the family and social attitudes, and how urban life emerged in what is now one of the most important industrial economies in the world. A paradigm for modern social histories, the book also examines changes in social stratification and mobility, the decline of regional disparities, education, social welfare, race, and gender. By analyzing Brazil's unprecedented political, economic, and social changes in the late twentieth and twenty-first century, the authors address an under-explored area in current scholarship and offer an invaluable resource for scholars of Latin American and Brazil.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Tables and Illustrations -- Preface -- 1. São Paulo Agriculture in the Nineteenth Century -- 2. Government and Public Finance in the Empire, 1850-1889 -- 3. Government and Public Finance in the Old Republic, 1889-1930 -- 4. Paulista Agriculture, 1899-1950 -- 5. Crisis of the Paulista State and the Loss of Hegemony of the Paulista Elite -- 6. The State in National and International Commerce -- 7. Industrial Growth in São Paulo -- 8. Infrastructure and Urbanization of the State -- 9. Population Growth and Structure -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

Feeding the World chronicles the rise of Brazil as a world agricultural powerhouse during the second half of the twentieth century. Tracing the history of Brazilian agricultural development, Herbert S. Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna focus specifically on how Brazil came to be the largest net food exporter in the world. Brazil was always an agricultural export country, but it was traditionally an exporter of a single crop. However, the country's agriculture underwent significant changes after 1960. Since then, Brazil has become one of the top five world producers of some 36 agricultural products and is now the world's primary exporter of such agricultural goods as orange juice, sugar, meat, corn, and soybeans. Drawing heavily on historical and economic social science research, this book not only details how Brazil became an international leader in commercial agriculture, but offers careful insight into one of the most important developments in modern world history

An insightful study of the political, economic, and social changes Brazil experienced during the twenty-year rule of its Cold War military regime. Cuba's revolution in 1959 fueled powerful anti-Communist fears in the United States. As a result, in the years that followed, governments throughout Central and South America were toppled in U.S.-backed military coups, and by 1977 only three democratically elected leaders remained in all of Latin America. This perceptive study, coauthored by a revered historian and a prominent economist, examines how the military rulers of Brazil profoundly altered the nation's economy, politics, and society during their two decades in power, and it explores the lasting impact of these changes after democracy was restored. Comparing and contrasting the history, programs, methods, and goals of Brazil's Cold War–era authoritarian government with the military regimes of Peru, Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Uruguay, authors Herbert Klein and Francisco Vidal Luna offer a fascinating, detailed analysis of the Brazilian experience from 1964 to 1985, one of the darkest, most difficult periods in Latin American history

This is the first complete economic and social history of Brazil in the modern period in any language. It provides a detailed analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian society and economy from the end of the empire in 1889 to the present day. The authors elucidate the basic trends that have defined modern Brazilian society and economy. In this period Brazil moved from being a mostly rural traditional agriculture society with only light industry and low levels of human capital to a modern literate and industrial nation. It has also transformed itself into one of the world's most important agricultural exporters. How and why this occurred is explained in this important survey

Assim como em outros segmentos da agricultura brasileira, nos últimoscinquenta anos ocorreram transformações extraordinárias na pecuária. Atividadetradicional estabelecida no país desde o início da colonização, caracterizava-se atérecentemente pela criação extensiva e de baixa produtividade. Embora a pecuáriaargentina apresentasse características similares, no final do século XIX essa atividademodernizou-se na Argentina, mas o Brasil permaneceu um produtor tradicional.No entanto, atualmente o Brasil apresenta uma atividade agrícola moderna e capazde ocupar posição de destaque no mercado internacional de proteína animal. Opaís possui o maior rebanho bovino do mundo e grandes rebanhos de frangos esuínos. Por sua vez, é o maior exportador mundial de carne bovina, com participaçãode um quarto nas exportações mundiais. Lidera também o comércio decarne de frango e ocupa a terceira posição nas exportações de carne de porcoprocessada. Como e por que essas mudanças ocorreram, e como se comparam comas ocorridas na Argentina são as questões que examinamos neste ensaio.