Suchergebnisse

The study examined the influence of trainer attitudes upon member attitudes toward the group, and of member attitudes upon trainer self-attitudes, at early and later time points in seven weekend T Groups. It was found that members accurately perceived trainers' attitudes toward the group and that members' own attitudes corresponded closely with their perceptions of trainer attitudes. At the early time point, self-attitudes of senior trainers showed near-significant negative correlations, and self-attitudes of co-trainers showed low positive correlations, with their perceptions of member attitudes towards themselves. At the later time point, both senior trainer and co-trainer self-attitudes were strongly associated with their perceptions of member attitudes toward themselves but these perceptions bore little relationship to actually reported member attitudes. Trainers showed a strong and consistent tendency to underestimate the favourability of member attitudes towards themselves.

Characteristics of interpersonal feedback and responses to feedback, as a function of time (early versus later sessions), sender (trainers, male members, female members), and individual group, were studied in four NTL Bethel Tgroups. Over time, member feedback became more expressive and less focused upon here-and-now events, while trainer feedback became more nondirective. During early sessions, trainer feedback was less expressive, less focused upon self-other relationships, less here-and-now, more negative and confronting, more abstract, and more interpretive than member feedback, although these differences diminished by later sessions. No significant differences were apparent between male and female senders. Group differences outweighed their similarities. Acceptance versus rejection of member feedback was related only to the extent to which feedback was positive and supportive.

The study explores the thesis that group size, as it influences interaction patterns and attitudes of members within the immediate group situation, will affect the orientations toward societal change which become adopted by members. Twenty large (15-member) and twenty small (5-member) groups were compared. The groups were instructed to discuss and reach consensus on a set of conservatism-radicalism items. The findings supported hypotheses concerning: (1) a positive correlation between group size and member dissatisfaction; (2) a positive correlation between member dissatisfaction and group radicalism; and (3) a positive correlation between size and group radicalism. In addition, differences in these trends were observed as a function of sex composition of the groups.

This study examined the impact of interpersonal and intrapersonal factors upon the use of competitive and collaborative conflict resolution strategies in response to negative feedback Male and female college students were asked to recall instances of interpersonal conflicts where they received negative feedback from peers. Different factors predicted competition and collaboration. Greater negative affect led to more competition, while feedback on more important topics within closer relationships led to more collaboration. Gender had indirect effects on both of these assertive strategies, with women being more likely to both compete and collaborate. Several implications for further research are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate conditions underlying the social self process within marital relationships. Two hypotheses were tested in a mail questionnaire survey of 165 couples: 1) Mead and Cooley's hypothesis that self‐appraisal is positively associated with other's view of self, and 2) an extension of this hypothesis suggesting that the association between self‐appraisal and spouse's appraisal is greater, and the appraisals are more favorable, when marital power is shared, household role responsibilities are shared, and marital solidarity is high. The first hypothesis was supported: self‐appraisal was significantly correlated with other's view of self. The second hypothesis was strongly supported for solidarity: the greater the couple's solidarity, the more favorable and the more similar were self‐appraisal and other's appraisal of self. Only partial support was found for a positive association of shared marital power and roles with appraisals of self and other.

Experimentally composed 5-member groups completed an initial problemsolving exercise. In the status-threat condition, members then received negative evaluative feedback regarding their group performance. In the control condition, members received relatively favorable feedback. Groups then discussed and reached consensual judgments on a set of Dogmatism Scale items. As hypothesized, the groups subjected to status threat adopted significantly more dogmatic beliefs than groups in the control condition. In addition, it was found that group dogmatism scores were consistently lower than the average individual pretreatment dogmatism scores within the group, suggesting that the groups tended to be more flexible than their component members.