Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Author -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Research Ideas -- 1.3 Main Innovation -- 2 Theory and Concept -- 2.1 Theory -- 2.1.1 Long Tail Theory -- 2.1.2 Mechanism Design Theory -- 2.1.3 Resource Dependence Theory -- 2.2 Concept -- 2.2.1 Rural Long Tail Public Service -- 2.2.2 Imbalance of Rural Long Tail Public Service -- 2.2.3 Correction Mechanism of Rural Long Tail Public Service -- References -- 3 Attributes of Rural Long Tail Public Service -- 3.1 The Demand Side Attribute of Rural Long Tail Public Service -- 3.2 The Supply Side Attributes of Rural Long Tail Public Service -- 3.2.1 From the Perspective of Service Type -- 3.2.2 The Financial Expense Perspective -- 3.2.3 From the NGO Perspective -- 3.3 Imbalance Between Supply and Demand of Rural Long Tail Public Service -- 3.3.1 Spatial Distribution -- 3.3.2 Time Sequence Distribution -- 3.3.3 Satisfaction Cost -- References -- 4 The Influencing Factors of the Imbalance of Rural Long Tail Public Services -- 4.1 The Demand Side Factors of Rural Long Tail Public Services -- 4.2 The Supply Side Factors of Rural Long Tail Public Services -- 4.2.1 Government Financial Constraints -- 4.2.2 The Deviation of the Government's Rational Choice -- 4.2.3 Immature NGOs -- 4.2.4 Lack of a Supply "Market" -- 4.3 The Factors of Imbalance: Special Education -- 4.4 Factors of the Imbalance: Special Health -- 4.5 Factors of Imbalance: Elderly Care -- 4.6 The Factors of Imbalance: Special Finance -- 4.7 Summary -- References -- 5 The Measurement of the Imbalance of Rural Long Tail Public Services -- 5.1 Measurement Method -- 5.2 Measurement of Imbalance Index of Rural Long Tail Public Services: Rural Special Education -- 5.3 Measurement of Imbalance Index of Rural Long Tail Public Services: Rural Special Health.

1. The Attribute of Rural "Long Tail" Public Service -- 2. Factors of the Imbalance of Rural "Long Tail" Public Services -- 3. Calculation of the Imbalance of Rural "Long Tail" Public Services -- 4. Correction Mechanism of the Imbalance of Rural "Long Tail" Public Services -- 5. Application of the Correction Mechanism: Internet + NGO -- 6. Conclusion.

Traditional Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications aim at improving safety and mobility for roadway transportation. With increasing concern about energy consumption and pollutant emission of transportation sector, a number of environmental-ITS applications have emerged to improve fuel economy and reduce overall emissions. Further, mobile emissions disperse into the atmosphere and impose health risks to public population who are exposed to the contaminated air. To date however, environmental-ITS applications haven't considered emissions from a pollutant exposure point-of-view. This dissertation proposes two environmental-ITS applications and a high-resolution screening method to mitigate human exposure to mobile pollutants. The key contributions are:• This dissertation develops a vehicle road navigation method to mitigate mobile-source exposure to a localized susceptible population. Routing experiments show that 50% of 400 experiment trips achieve 30% inhaled mass reduction for both mobile-source PM2.5 and Reactive Organic Gases. Also, the low exposure routes can be more fuel efficient than conventional least duration routes.• This dissertation defines a state-of-practice digital sidewalk system and proposes a pedestrian navigation tool with the goal of minimizing pedestrians' inhaled mass of on-road traffic emissions. Pedestrian routing experiments demonstrate that the navigation tool is able to advise walking trips that significantly reduce pedestrians' PM2.5 exposure up to 90%. As a result, pedestrians can be protected from excessive pollutant exposure.• This dissertation also develops modeling techniques for large-scale pollutant exposure assessment for Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG) residents, with spatial analysis resolution fifty times higher than previous research. In conjunction with socioeconomic parameter analysis, results reveal that in the SCAG region, low-income and minority population are subject to high-level vehicular emission exposure. This study makes it possible for community outreach and mitigation planning targeted at disadvantaged residential communities.The frameworks in this dissertation provide valuable implications for environmental transportation and justice research. Future improvements can be focused on real-time population activity collection, exposure assessment, and navigation implementation in the real world.

AbstractA policy debate on widespread currency manipulation has generated economic analyses to inform policymakers regarding both the extent and impact of the problem. Such analyses typically focus on commodity trade and price impacts while ignoring potentially important supply chain linkages. Using Chinese exchange rate policy and global soybean and soybean product markets as an example, this paper illustrates that substantial measurement errors are possible if supply chain linkages are ignored in exchange rate policy analyses. As a consequence, policy responses to foreign currency manipulation informed by such analyses may be misguided or imprecise at best.

PurposeThe paper sets out to understand the key issues that the various functions and optimal allocation of NGOs (non-governmental organizations) in the circular economy that provide public services depend not only on external quantities or densities but also on their internal size of human resources.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses different data samples and models to study the influence mechanism of optimal NGO size of human resources and its differentiated effects on governance quality of entrepreneurship.FindingsThe authors find that a reduction in transaction costs and an increase in the aggregation degree of public demand lead to increased human capital and lower financial capital intensity. In addition, the authors find that NGO size of human resources has a relationship that is approximately U-shaped (or inverse U-shaped) with the governance quality of entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThe paper discusses the implications for programs that encourage NGOs to optimally determine their internal size of human resources and further improve the governance quality of entrepreneurship in the circular economy.Originality/valueThe paper reveals the significant nonmonotonic relationship between local governance quality and NGO financial size, even after controlling for other NGO, city and provincial characteristics.

Diverse values and unified interpersonal trust have both been stressed as prerequisites in social governance, although contradictions can arise in trying to achieve both. Using cross-national data of more than 29,000 samples from the World Value Survey and relying on the circle and layer structure of governance consensus, we investigate the extent to which the participation of nonprofits in social governance influences interpersonal trust and value diversity. Our findings show that nonprofits increase the perception of fairness in social governance and that they contribute to cultural diversity