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We examined the effects of benefactor intention and beneficiaries' perceived helpfulness and personal responsibility in the context of charitable giving on the gratitude and indebtedness of Chinese college students facing financial hardship. Results of the 2 studies we conducted
using a scenario methodology indicated that personal responsibility moderated the effect of benefactor intention on gratitude via the mediator of perceived helpfulness. Specifically, when beneficiaries felt less responsible for receiving help, perceiving the benefactor's intention as
benevolent rather than utilitarian led them to perceive the donation as being more helpful, thereby evoking greater gratitude. In contrast, when beneficiaries felt more responsible for receiving the donation, their perceived helpfulness and gratitude did not vary, regardless of the nature
of the benefactor's intention. However, there was no significant moderating effect on indebtedness. Implications for higher education and charitable-giving practices are discussed.

The pandemic crisis and its global legal impact on information protection, creative economy, and business activities / Luo Li, Carlos Espaliú Berdud, Steve Foster and Ben Stanford -- Mapping the legal landscape of information law in times of crisis / Olga Kokoulina, Anja Møller Pedersen and Jens Schovsbo -- Fashion after COVID-19 : virtually the same but different / Johanna Gibson -- Broken Copyright in the pandemic crisis -- rethinking public interest in China / Luo Li -- The global impact (both challenges and opportunities) of COVID-19 on rights and justice / Juha Karhu -- Mediation as a key conflict resolution system to address the increase in litigation as a result of COVID-19 / Geraldine Bethencourt Rodríguez -- Increased employees' engagement power at the time of crisis / Neshat Safari -- Dangerous circumstances, discipline and dismissal : some employment law impacts of COVID-19 / Alexander Simmonds -- Labour force, suspended rights and entrepreneurs' disruption of activities / Andrés Jerónimo Arenas Falótico and Jessica BayónPérez -- Reflections on COVID-19 / Luo Li, Carlos Espaliú Berdud, Steve.

This book focuses on environmental engineering, and on wastewater treatment and reuse in particular, which is a vital aspect for countries and regions suffering from water shortages. It introduces a new water cycle management concept for designing water systems that mimic the hydrological cycle, where reclaimed water is produced, stored/regulated, supplied and used in a semi-natural manner so that its self-purification capacity and system efficiency can be maximized. To ensure safe water throughout the cycle, emphasis is placed on the control of ecological and pathogenic risks using a series of quality indices associated with bioassays and molecular biological analyses, as well as risk assessments focusing on protecting the environment and human health. Together with theoretical and technological discussions, a real case of a district water system for maximizing water circulation and reuse by means of a sophisticated water cycle is presented. This book introduces readers to essential new concepts and practices and illustrates the future perspectives offered by a new paradigm for design and safety control in the context of wastewater reuse systems. Professor Xiaochang C. Wang received his PhD from Hokkaido University, Japan in 1992. Since then he has been devoted in many national and international research projects covering water and wastewater treatment, water reuse, and urban water environmental protection, especially for water deficient regions such as northwestern China. He is active internationally and serves in International Water Association (IWA) as member of Program Committee, Steering Committee of Cities of the Future Program, Chair of Alternative Water Resources Cluster-China Chapter. He received the IWA Global Project Innovation Award in 2012 and due to his international contributions he was nominated IWA Fellow in 2011 and IWA Distinguished Fellow in 2014.