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RESEARCH THAT FOCUSES ON THE EXTENT TO WHICH MEMBER STATES ABIDE BY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS IS NOT SUFFICIENT BECAUSE THE TRANSFERS OF POWER THAT ALLOW THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA (EEA) TO IMPOSE RULES ON MEMBER STATES MAY ALSO AFFECT RELATIONS WITHIN MEMBER STATES. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON THESE DOMESTIC EFFECTS. IT CLARIFIES WHETHER AND HOW THE EMERGENCE OF OUTSIDE FORCES WEAKENS THE ABILITY OF MEMBER STATES TO ACCOMPLISH IMPORTANT DOMESTIC OBJECTIVES. A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IS PRESENTED FOR UNDERSTANDING HOW THE EU AND THE EEA AFFECT DELEGATION AND ACCOUNTABILITY WITHIN MEMBER STATES. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT THE EU AND THE EEA NEED NOT WEAKEN DOMESTIC ACCOUNTABILITY. TO BE SURE, NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE TRANSFERRED SOME POWERS TO THESE OUTSIDE FORCES. HOWEVER, THESE ORGANIZATIONS, IN TURN, GIVE DOMESTIC POLITICAL ACTORS THE BARGAINING LEVERAGE THEY NEED TO INCREASE ACCOUNTABILITY WITHIN NATIONAL BORDERS.

Shared mental models: ideologies and institutions / Arthur T. Denzau and Douglass C. North -- The institutional foundations of political competence: how citizens learn what they need to know / Arthur Lupia and Mathew D. McCubbins -- Taking sides: a fixed choice theory of political reasoning / Paul M. Sniderman -- How people reason about ethics / Norman Frohlich and Joe Oppenheimer -- Who says what? Source credibility as a mediator of campaign advertising / Shanto Iyengar and Nicholas A. Valentino -- Affect as information: the role of public mood in political reasoning / Wendy M. Rahn -- Reconsidering the rational public: cognition, heuristics, and mass opinion / James H. Kuklinski and Paul J. Quirk -- Three steps toward a theory of motivated political reasoning / Milton Lodge and Charles Taber -- Knowledge, trust, and international reasoning / Samuel L. Popkin and Michael A. Dimock -- Coping with trade-offs: psychological constraints and political implications / Philip E. Tetlock -- Backstage cognition in reason and choice / Mark Turner -- Constructing a theory of reasoning: choice, constraints, and context / Arthur Lupia, Mathew D. McCubbins, and Samuel L. Popkin

COVID‐19 presents an existential challenge for millions of people and a generational challenge for the globe. Scientific research is the primary vehicle in humanity's attempts to understand the virus and mitigate its effects. Research on the pathogen is critically important. At the same time, COVID‐19's consequences are due to more than the pathogen. Social and behavioral science research is essential in understanding how to achieve the highest possible health and safety levels, and how to preserve and improve quality of life, within complex and interdependent societies. This article describes the social sciences' role in this challenge and offers examples of its insights.

Lo studio analizza le svolte nel teatro di innovazione francese prodotte dalla rivolta sociale e dalla sua rivoluzione culturale del 1968. La ricerca si è concentrata su tre livelli di analisi: un'analisi – storica, politica, sociale, culturale – dell'anno-tournant; un'analisi delle reazioni nel mondo del teatro contemporanee alla rivolta; un'analisi delle prassi spettacolari di lunga durata originate dall'evento. Sono stati, quindi, esaminati criticamente i testi cardine degli intellettuali ispiratori, protagonisti e interpreti della breccia culturale, per poi rintracciare i valori emersi all'interno del mondo dello spettacolo. La contestazione sociale ha agito sul mondo del teatro producendo delle ripercussioni immediate – l'occupazione dell'Odéon, la contestazione al XXII Festival d'Avignon, la produzione della Déclaration de Villeurbanne – e delle prassi di lunga durata che hanno agito sui processi formativi e creativi delle compagnie francesi che, dalla fine degli anni Sessanta, hanno prodotto creazioni collettive (in particolare il Théâtre du Soleil e il Théâtre de l'Aquarium, ma anche la Nouvelle Compagnie d'Avignon, il Grand Magic Circus e il Théâtre Populaire di Lorraine) e sul corpus drammaturgico e teorico di Michel Vinaver. Sono state, quindi, analizzate le relazioni che si sono instaurate tra i protagonisti appena nominati e i differenziati contesti, sociali e teatrali, facendo emergere nuove istanze creative. Tali istanze hanno saputo rispondere alle spinte etiche ed estetiche del momento storico, le hanno declinate sul piano delle prassi teatrali e rilanciate verso modalità nuove che hanno favorito l'emersione di una nuova civiltà del testuale. ; The study analyses the changes in French theatre of innovation caused by the social riot and its cultural revolution in 1968. The research focuses on three levels of examination: a historical, political, social and cultural analysis – of the turning year; an analysis of the reactions in the world of theatre contemporary to the riot; an analysis of the long spectacular practices originated by the event. The main writings by inspiring intellectuals, chief protagonists and spokesmen of the cultural breach, have been critically examined, in order to find the values emerged in the show business. The social contestation acted onto the world of theatre producing immediate repercussions – the Odéon Theatre occupation, the contestation at the 22nd Festival d'Avignon, the production of the Déclaration de Villeurbanne – and of the usual long-term procedures which acted on the formative and creative processes of French acting companies who have produced collective creations since the end of the Sixties (especially the Théâtre du Soleil and the Théâtre de l'Aquarium but also the Nouvelle Compagnie d'Avignon, the Grand Magic Circus and the Théâtre Populaire di Lorraine). Morover, they acted also on the dramaturgical and theoretical writings by Michel Vinaver. Therefore, the connections amongst the newly named chief protagonists and the different social and theatric contexts have been analyzed making emerge the new creative needs. Such needs were able to answer to the ethical and esthetical of the historical moment. They decreased them from the theatric praxis point of view and raised them toward new modalities which have favored the raising of a new textual civilization.

It is a great honor to have been invited to deliver the Ithiel de Sola Pool lecture. Professor de Sola Pool had a tremendous influence on scholarship and practice. His work describes the ways in which evolving technologies fundamentally alter communicative expectations and social outcomes. Years after their publication, works such as Technologies of Freedom (1984) continue to provide insight about how the networked communications are changing the world. Professor de Sola Pool's work is of great public value. In what follows, I want to focus our attention on the value of social science today. Adapted from the source document.

It is a great honor to have been invited to deliver the Ithiel de Sola Pool lecture. Professor de Sola Pool had a tremendous influence on scholarship and practice. His work describes the ways in which evolving technologies fundamentally alter communicative expectations and social outcomes. Years after their publication, works such asTechnologies of Freedom(1984) continue to provide insight about how the networked communications are changing the world. Professor de Sola Pool's work is of great public value. In what follows, I want to focus our attention on the value of social science today.

Many members of the scientific community attempt to convey information to policymakers and the public. Much of this information is ignored or misinterpreted. This article describes why these outcomes occur and how science communicators can achieve better outcomes. The article focuses on two challenges associated with communicating scientific information to such audiences. One challenge is that people have less capacity to pay attention to scientific presentations than many communicators anticipate. A second challenge is that people in politicized environments often make different choices about whom to believe than do people in other settings. Together, these challenges cause policymakers and the public to be less responsive to scientific information than many communicators desire. Research on attention and source credibility can help science communicators better adapt to these challenges. Attention research clarifies when, and to what type of stimuli, people do (and do not) pay attention. Source credibility research clarifies the conditions under which an audience will believe scientists' descriptions of phenomena rather than the descriptions of less-valid sources. Such research can help communicators stay true to their science while making their findings more memorable and more believable to more audiences.