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The 7th annual Ethics Conference ; One aspect of globalization, and one that is far more important than the globalization of consumer goods, is the globalization of ideas. Although many Africans are justifiably critical of the evils of slavery, colonialism and neo-colonialism and their negative impact on traditional African societies, there is remarkably little criticism of ideas from the West. Although some Western ideas are good, many are not. One Western idea that should be scrutinized carefully by Africans is that of "sustainable development". And sustainable development does not come alone; it is bundled with other ideas that also should be evaluated critically, including environmentalism, population control and global governance ; One aspect of globalization, and one that is far more important than the globalization of consumer goods, is the globalization of ideas. Although many Africans are justifiably critical of the evils of slavery, colonialism and neo-colonialism and their negative impact on traditional African societies, there is remarkably little criticism of ideas from the West. Although some Western ideas are good, many are not. One Western idea that should be scrutinized carefully by Africans is that of "sustainable development". And sustainable development does not come alone; it is bundled with other ideas that also should be evaluated critically, including environmentalism, population control and global governance.

This study investigates the preferences of small forest landowners regarding forest carbon credit programs while documenting characteristics of potentially successful frameworks. We designed hypothetical carbon credit programs with aggregated carbon offset projects and requirements of existing voluntary and compliance protocols in mind. We administered a mail survey to 992 forest landowners in Vermont's Current Use Program utilizing best-worst choice, a novel preference elicitation technique, to elicit their preferences about these programs. We found that small forest landowners see revenue as the most important factor in a carbon credit program and the duration of the program as the least important factor. Landowners reported that shorter program duration, higher revenue, and lower withdrawal penalties positively impact their willingness to accept forest carbon credit programs. Notably, our study includes carbon credit program implementer as a key program attribute, allowing us to quantify landowners' tradeoffs between non-profit, for-profit, and government organizations. Overall, we found that landowners significantly prefer working with a non-profit organization. Based on monetary estimates of willingness-to-accept compensation, our results suggest that aggregated forest carbon offset projects incorporating small forest landowners could be piloted successfully in Vermont by non-profit organizations while maintaining relatively strict guidelines of existing carbon offset protocols.

This study investigates the preferences of small forest landowners regarding forest carbon credit programs while documenting characteristics of potentially successful frameworks. We designed hypothetical carbon credit programs with aggregated carbon offset projects and requirements of existing voluntary and compliance protocols in mind. We administered a mail survey to 992 forest landowners in Vermont's Current Use Program utilizing best-worst choice, a novel preference elicitation technique, to elicit their preferences about these programs. We found that small forest landowners see revenue as the most important factor in a carbon credit program and the duration of the program as the least important factor. Landowners reported that shorter program duration, higher revenue, and lower withdrawal penalties positively impact their willingness to accept forest carbon credit programs. Notably, our study includes carbon credit program implementer as a key program attribute, allowing us to quantify landowners' tradeoffs between non-profit, for-profit, and government organizations. Overall, we found that landowners significantly prefer working with a non-profit organization. Based on monetary estimates of willingness-to-accept compensation, our results suggest that aggregated forest carbon offset projects incorporating small forest landowners could be piloted successfully in Vermont by non-profit organizations while maintaining relatively strict guidelines of existing carbon offset protocols. ; Open access journal. ; This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at repository@u.library.arizona.edu.

Los libros, artículos, documentos gubernamentales y otros registros escritos de la biología y conservación de los trópicos llegan a solo una pequeña fracción de sus lectores potenciales. Algunos de los textos son inaccesibles debido al idioma en que están escritos. Otros sólo están disponibles a subscriptores de revistas caras del mundo desarrollado, o circulan exclusivamente en los países tropicales. Para entender mejor esta ineficiencia en la literatura científica tropical y lo que pueda significar para la conservación, realizamos una recopilación bibliográfica de las obras relacionadas a biología y conservación del departamento amazónico de Madre de Dios, Perú. El esfuerzo dio como resultado una lista de 2.202 textos escritos entre 1537 y 2004, sumando aproximadamente 80.000 páginas. El 93% de estos textos fueron escritos a partir de 1970. En 2004 la tasa de publicación había alcanzado casi tres textos por semana. Aproximadamente la mitad de la bibliografía de Madre de Dios es representada por textos en español escritos por autores peruanos y difíciles de conseguir fuera del Perú; la mayoría del resto son textos escritos en inglés por autores extranjeros y difíciles de conseguir en el Perú. Los autores extranjeros tienden a escribir acerca de estudios ecológicos con poca relevancia a los retos inmediatos de la conservación, mientras los autores peruanos hacen con mayor frecuencia recomendaciones prácticas para el manejo. En la lista de temas más tratados por estos textos, el uso sostenible de recursos naturales figura en tercer lugar, después de la ecología y el comportamiento animal. Se concluye el documento con algunas recomendaciones para convertir a la literatura tropical en un recurso más abierto y eficiente. ; Books, articles, government documents, and other written accounts of tropical biology and conservation reach a tiny fraction of their potential audience. Some texts are inaccessible because of the language in which they are written. Others are only available to subscribers of developed-world journals, or distributed narrowly within tropical countries. To examine this dysfunction in the tropical literature—and what it means for conservation—we spent a year trying to compile everything ever written on the biology and conservation of the department of Madre de Dios, Peru, in southwestern Amazonia. Our search of libraries, databases, and existing bibliographies uncovered 2202 texts totaling roughly 80000 pages. Texts date from 1553 to 2004, but 93% were written after 1970. Since that year the publication rate has increased steadily from fewer than ten texts per year to nearly three texts per week in 2004. Roughly half of the Madre de Dios bibliography is accounted for by Spanish-language texts written by Peruvian authors and mostly inaccessible outside Peru; most of the remainder are English-language texts written by foreign authors and largely inaccessible in Peru. Foreign authors tended to write about ecological studies with limited relevance to on-the-ground conservation challenges, while Peruvian authors were more likely to make specific management recommendations. In the list of most written-about topics, sustainable use of natural resources ranks third behind ecology and animal behavior. We conclude with some recommendations for converting the tropical literature to a more open and efficient resource for science and conservation