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Overweight in 5-year-old Children: Assessment and Risk Factors (The Be Active, Eat Right Study)
__Abstract__ The World Health Organization defines overweight and obesity as "abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health". Worldwide, about one in ten children at the age of 5 to 17 years have overweight (obesity included). In the last decades there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in many countries. This increase over a relatively short period of time and within a relatively stable population indicates that genetic factors can not be the primary reason for the increase. The fundamental cause of overweight and obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, and the increase in prevalence has been ascribed to changes in society that increase the energy intake and decrease the physical activity of the population. An environment with factors that facilitate the development of overweight and obesity is also referred to as an obesogenic environment. Children with overweight are at risk of developing obesity, and childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of health problems already during childhood (e.g. cardiovascular risk factors, type 2 diabetes, asthma and psychosocial problems). However, the greatest health problems will be seen in next generations as overweight and obesity track from childhood into adulthood quite strong. Childhood overweight and obesity have been associated with higher morbidity and mortality later in life. Further, once childhood obesity is established, it is difficult to reverse. Childhood overweight and obesity are therefore a major burden on health care, and prevention of childhood overweight and obesity is an international public health priority. In the Netherlands, the prevention of overweight in children appeared as a priority on the political and public health agenda at the beginning of this century. As a result, the overweight prevention protocol for use in the setting of youth healthcare was developed in 2005. This thesis reports on a number of studies examining overweight assessment and risk factors for overweight in young children. These studies are embedded in the 'Be active, eat right' study. The 'Be active, eat right' study was initiated to implement the overweight prevention protocol in the youth healthcare setting, and to assess its effects on the prevalence of overweight and health behavior of children.
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Creating Their Own Futures: Community Visioning and North Carolina Local Governments; Government leaders often want to shape the long-term direction of their communities. How can they do that effectively? A report on visioning processes conducted in
In: Popular government, Band 73, Heft 2, S. 20-35
ISSN: 0032-4515
Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence: The Community's Role in Weaving a Safety Net; Leaders of a School of Government project building communities' capacity to stop sexual assault and domestic violence describe the reach of the problem and the need
In: Popular government, Band 73, Heft 2, S. 4-19
ISSN: 0032-4515
Feature Articles: Building Community Capacity to Meet Public Needs
In: Popular government, Band 70, Heft 2, S. 28-40
ISSN: 0032-4515
Collaboration Calls for Mutual Accountability - Find out how to focus on the processes of organizational accountability so you can answer the question: Who is to report to whom about what?
In: Public management: PM, Band 86, Heft 11, S. 16-20
ISSN: 0033-3611
Deciding to Fund Nonprofits: Key Questions
In: Popular government, Band 67, Heft 4, S. 33-39
ISSN: 0032-4515
Mutual Accountability between Governments and Nonprofits: Moving Beyond "Surveillance" to "Service"
In: The American review of public administration: ARPA, Band 34, Heft 2, S. 115-133
ISSN: 1552-3357
Procedures intended to provide accountability in relationships between governments and nonprofit organizations often focus on ways to catch and punish mistakes rather than on ways to improve service to the public. Usually, this is because the parties create their expectations for the relationship independently. However, many public services can be improved if governments and nonprofits work together to learn what needs to be done to address public needs more effectively. Mutual accountability involves key stakeholders in dialogue to determine responsibilities, authorize discretion, establish reporting procedures, and create review processes for the relationship. Mutual accountability requires extra time and effort but may be appropriate when the parties are unclear about how best to address public problems and when they have altruistic values.
Mutual Accountability between Governments and Nonprofits: Moving Beyond "Surveillance" to "Service"
In: American review of public administration: ARPA, Band 34, Heft 2, S. 115-133
ISSN: 0275-0740
Feature Articles: Establishing Mutual Accountability in Nonprofit-Government Relationships: Governments and nonprofits want to work as partners, but the ways in which they typically interact often fail to be satisfactory or fully productive
In: Popular government, Band 69, Heft 1, S. 18-29
ISSN: 0032-4515
FOCUS: PARTNERS IN PUBLIC SERVICE: Strengthening Relationships between Local Governments and Nonprofits; Are the ties that bind local governments and nonprofits as strong as they could be? Survey data and interviews offer insights, identify
In: Popular government, Band 66, Heft 2, S. 33-39
ISSN: 0032-4515