Suchergebnisse

UK: Дослідження присвячено проблемам розвитку електронної комерції в Україні. Встановлено відмінності між категоріями «електронний бізнес», «електронна комерція» та «електронна торгівля». Виявлені тенденції розвитку роздрібної торгівлі та електронної комерції в Україні. Розглянуто проблеми і перешкоди в розвитку електронної комерції в Україні. Доведено, що ринок електронної торгівлі має значний потенціал зростання за умов вирішення існуючих проблем. Визначено головні тренди розвитку електронної торгівлі. EN: Summary. The research is devoted to the problems of e-commerce development in Ukraine. It is determined that information technologies play an important role in the development of entrepreneurship. Differences between categories "e-business", "electronic commerce" and "electronic commerce" were established. The advantages of doing business with the use of information technologies are explored. The tendencies of development of e-commerce in the world are analyzed. The example of China identified the importance of developing e-commerce to ensure a stable growth of the economy. The trends of retail trade and e-commerce development in Ukraine are explored. It was established that in 2007-2016 in Ukraine there is an increase in volumes and the share of penetration of e-commerce. The most popular groups of products purchased on the Internet are determined. It has been established that one of the most promising areas of ecommerce is the sale of food products, and therefore, retailers have significant potential for growth as a result of the transfer of a part of the retail online. The problems and obstacles in the development of e-commerce in Ukraine are considered. Major issues include the lack of legislation in the area of electronic payment systems, taxation issues, customs issues, privacy and security issues; low level of trust in online purchases, fraud cases, poor protection of personal data. The development of e-commerce is hampered by the underdevelopment of logistics and the lack of electronic payment systems. It is proved that the e-commerce market has a significant potential for growth in terms of solving the problems of technological support for electronic trading platforms, ensuring the security of personal and customer data, the further development of logistics networks, and improving the legal security of electronic trading. Among the main trends in the development of the e-commerce market, the development of mobile applications and mobile payments, focus on omnicality, customer centricity and personalization of sales.

UK: У статті розглянуто проблеми збуту сільськогосподарської продукції аграрними підприємствами. Проаналізовано канали збуту аграрної продукції в Україні. Визначено переваги й вади реалізації сільськогосподарської продукції в рамках Угоди про асоціацію з Європейським Союзом. Розглянуто сучасні тенденції в експорті української аграрної продукції з урахуванням переорієнтації на азійські та європейські ринки. RU: В статье рассмотрены проблемы сбыта сельскохозяйственной продукции аграрными предприятиями. Проанализированы каналы сбыта аграрной продукции в Украине. Определены преимущества и недостатки реализации сельскохозяйственной продукции в рамках Соглашения об ассоциации с Европейским Союзом. Рассмотрены современные тенденции в экспорте украинской аграрной продукции с учетом переориентации на азиатские и европейские рынки. EN: The aim of this publication is to review current trends Ukrainian exports of agricultural products and develop recommendations on the prospects of export of agricultural products in Ukraine. The problem of marketing of agricultural products by agricultural enterprises is considered in the article. The distribution channels of agricultural products in Ukraine are analyzed. The factors constraining agricultural exports are established. Advantages and disadvantages of agricultural products within the Association Agreement with the European Union are analyzed. Analyzed the first results of cooperation with the EU in agriculture. The problems of the use of quotas dispose of agricultural products within the Association Agreement with the European Union are identified. An simplified legalization exports from Ukraine to the EU of animal origin products is offered. The export of agricultural products to other countries is analyzes. The modern trend in the export of Ukrainian agricultural products based on the reorientation of Asian and European markets is considered. The strategic directions of development of Ukrainian agricultural exports are identified.

UK: У статті досліджено основні тенденції сучасного етапу розвитку аграрного сектору економі-ки України. Проаналізовано фінансовий результат та забезпеченість сільськогосподарськими угіддями підпри-ємств аграрної галузі. Розглянуто питання оновлення сільськогосподарської техніки. Вітчизняна аграрна га-лузь має значний земельний та трудовий потенціал, але його ефективне використання не можливе без зміц-нення та оновлення матеріально-технічної бази. EN: The domestic agrarian industry has considerable land and labor potential, but its ef-fective use is not possible without strengthening and updating of the material and technical base, replacement of exist-ing resource and labor-intensive technologies with modern material, energy and labor-saving technologies. The transition to an innovative path of development and intensification of the agrarian sector are nowadays the main directions of its development, but also practically the only opportunities for stabilization of production, satisfac-tion of consumers' needs for quality food. Research results. The volume of capital investments in Ukraine, by type of economic activity, during the 2014-2018 year increased by a total of UAH 359.3 billion, including to agriculture by UAH 47.3 billion. The volume of investment in agriculture during this period increased from 18.7 billion UAH. to UAH 66.1 billion, its share in total investments increased from 8.6% to 11.4%. Ukrainian agrarians prefer to import equipment first of all, therefore most of the equipment in Ukraine is of foreign production. Moreover, imported equipment is technologically advanced and more expensive. In 2014 and 2015, agri-cultural imports were low, causing political and economic instability in the countries. During these years, farmers were afraid to invest in machinery, especially expensive, with a long payback period. Conclusions. Investment attractiveness is significantly influenced by both the general state of the country's economy and the conditions of doing business. At the present stage, only technological modernization will be able to ensure the formation of efficient, resource-saving, environmentally friendly agriculture, which is able not only to meet the needs of the internal market, but also to lead the country to leading positions in foreign agricultural markets.

EN: The dual organizational structure of agriculture has developed in the agriculture of Ukraine, which manifests itself in the presence of two sectors—corporate (agricultural enterprises with the right of a legal entity) and individual (farms and households engaged in agricultural activities). In the total volume of gross agricultural production, the share of households in 2017 amounted to 43.6%. «De facto», most of them today are already family farms. Thus, 36.9% of Ukrainian households in land use exceeds 2 ha of agricultural land, including 16.5% of them have a land area of more than 10 ha, which is processed by the own forces of the household. But «de jure» they remain households, because they have no legal status as producers of agricultural products. Family farming is a leading form of agriculture both in developed countries and in developing countries. In the legislation of Ukraine, the status of a family-owned farm is defined in 2016 (the Law "On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine" On Farmers "on the promotion of the establishment and operation of family farms"). That is, according to the Ukrainian legislation, there are definitions of a farm and a family farm. The investigation provides a description and analyzes the agricultural activities of households in Ukraine. It proves a significant role of households in the production of agricultural products and a significant impact on the formation of its offer on the market. Legislative determination of the status of family farms is a significant achievement of Ukrainian agrarian policy. However, the effective functioning of family farms requires solving many more problems. The main of them, in our opinion, is the lack of experience in conducting family farming for a long period of time and financial incentives to create a family farm. For comparison, the shortcomings of modern family farms in the developed countries of Europe (Great Britain) and developing countries (Georgia) are presented. In order to accelerate the solution of the problems of family farms in Ukraine, it is expedient to create a Ukrainian Foundation for the Development of Family Farm and Villages with the participation of state authorities, the Association of Farmers and Private Landowners of Ukraine (AFPLU) and donor organizations; to approve the strategy for stimulating the creation and development of family farms for the period up to 2025, the concept of the relevant State Target Program, as well as the budget program "State support for the development of family farms". When developing these documents, it is advisable to take advantage of the experience of foreign countries. The primary task of the state agrarian policy of Ukraine should be financial incentives for the voluntary acquisition of status of family farms by high-quality households.