Suchergebnisse

2. The Official Birth of Sino-Arab Relations3. Sino-Arab Relations During the Arab Caliphate Period; 4. Relations Until the Eighteenth Century; 5. Modern and Contemporary Sino-Arab Relations; 6. Conclusion; References; Chapter 3-The Past, the Present, and the Future of the New Silk Road: China as a Leader or a Free-Rider in International Relations; 1. Introduction; 2. The Past -- the New Silk Road Diplomacy; 3. The Present: The B 4. The Future: The Silk Digital Highway; 5. Conclusions; References; Chapter 4-Dispute Resolution along the Belt and Road Initiative; 1. Introduction

"This book elaborates on happier living in modern cities within a healthy environment, something that is a global need. It promotes how the vision of Sustainable Smart Cities is to reinvent our human virtues and to consider ourselves as members of caring societies and interconnected ecosystems, as well as parts of a power for global change"--

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contextualise and examine critically the collection of the papers dealing with the broad and multi-faceted question of risk, threats and challenges governments are exposed to in the 21st century. To this end, the concept of 'distributed risks and threats' is introduced to account of challenges spread across the context, in which governments are embedded.


Design/methodology/approach
This paper offers a critical insight into the content of the issue.


Findings
The key argument that this paper advances is that while the nature of risks, threats and challenges that governments are exposed to today is qualitatively new and their scope unprecedented, a lot of governments' capacity remains idle, i.e. ready to be deployed to address these risks, threats and challenges.


Research limitations/implications
As a review paper, the points conveyed in this paper sketch and highlight, rather than explore in-depth, the possible and new research avenues that the collection of papers prompts.


Practical implications
This paper highlights that the – developed over the centuries – capacity of the government to act and address risks and threats is incommensurate with the agility of challenges borne in the 21st century.


Originality/value
This paper introduces the concept of 'distributed risks and threats' to account of the qualitatively new and hybrid challenges spread across the context, in which governments are embedded. This conceptualization of risks and threats, or challenges, offers a handy way to contextualize the variety of ways in which the government is challenged today.

AbstractThe debate on migration is bound to be tough and uneasy, and yet it is necessary to ask the difficult questions and listen to arguments that we may not like. Only in this way, it will be possible to have a solid and healthy discussion on the prospect of an efficient global governance regime. This Special Section addresses this imperative by exploring the prospect of turning away from ad hoc migration management towards holistic global migration governance. Migration defies any moral judgment and imposes moral obligations on those more fortunate. Tools and, so, policies are needed to follow this moral imperative of serving without harming. Transaction costs and red tape are nevertheless central in the debate. This Special Section sheds some light on it.

During the last years, we faced a tremendous development of mobile sensing applications powered by innovative technologies related to ubiquitous and pervasive computing, volunteered geographic information, crowdsourcing and social networks. Nowadays, we are living in the next digitally enriched generation of social media in which communication and interaction for user-generated content is mainly focused on improving the sustainability of smart cities. Thus, urban computing is defined as the technology for acquisition, integration, and analysis of big and heterogeneous data generated by a diversity of sources in urban spaces, such as sensors, devices, vehicles, buildings, and human, for tackling the major issues that cities face. Moreover, this technology is seeking ways to reduce inefficiencies and to be more agile in responding to citizens' needs in order to create smart cities. In this position paper, we address the content to describe the urban applications and the challenges for open research problems that are presented in the big cities.

The Internet and its increasing usage has changed informal learning in depth. This change has affected young and older adults in both the workplace and in higher education. But, in spite of this, formal and non-formal course-based approaches have not taken full advantage of these new informal learning scenarios and technologies. The Web 2.0 is a new way for people to communicate across the Internet. Communication is a means of transformation and knowledge exchange. These are the facts that cannot be obviated by the organisations in their training programmes and knowledge management. This special issue is devoted to investigating how informal learning changes or influences online information in Social Web and training strategies in institutions. In order to do so, five papers will present different approaches of informal learning in the workplace regarding Web 2.0 capabilities. ; This proyect has been funded with the support of the Lifelong Learning Program of the European Union TRAILER Project (Reference: 519141 LLP 1 2011 1 ES KA3 KA3MP) and with the support from the European Commision. Also, this work is partially supported by the Regionel Council of Education of Junta de Castilla y León through the proyect GR47. This publication only reflects the views of the authors, and the commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. ; Publicado

The aim of this work is to review a specific learning analytics method - sentiment analysis - in the field of Higher Education, showing how it is employed to monitor student satisfaction on different platforms, and to propose an architecture of Sentiment Analysis for Higher Education purposes, which trace and unify what emerges from the literature review. First, a literature review is carried out, which proves the widespread and increasing interest of the communities, of both scholars and practitioners, in the use of sentiment analysis in the field of Higher Education. The analysis, focused on three different e-learning domains, identifies weaknesses and gaps, and in particular the lack of a unifying approach which is able to deal with the different domains. Secondly, a prototype architecture – LADEL (Learning Analytics Dashboard for E-Learning) - is introduced, which is able to deal with the different e-learning domains. Some preliminary experiments are carried out, highlighting some limitations and open issues, as stimulus to continue the development of the platform.