Suchergebnisse

This work aims to perform a sociological analysis of health entrepreneurship in to¬day's Chile from the perspective of Bourdieu's field theory. We carry out a structural review of the health model in Chile and then reflect on the delegated power of the business actor from the Goldthorpe and Wright class structure. Finally, based on the characteristics of this actor, it is proposed to research his role in the public sphere in a context of deepening the divorce between politics and society. ; Este trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis sociológico del empresariado de la salud en el Chile actual desde la perspectiva de la teoría de campos de Bourdieu. Para ello, se realizará una revisión estructural del modelo de salud en Chile, para luego reflexionar sobre el poder delegado del actor empresarial desde la estructura de clases de Goldthorpe y Wright. Finalmente, a partir de las características de este actor, se propone realizar investigaciones respecto de su papel en la esfera pública en un contexto de profundización del divorcio entre política y sociedad

Los desechos de equipos eléctricos y electrónicos son un problema creciente en las ciudades del mundo, esto se debe, a que los estilos de vida actuales derivan en el constante desarrollo de nuevos productos para suplir la demanda y necesidades de consumo. Por lo tanto, encontrar metodologías que permitan mitigar el impacto de dichos residuos ha tomado gran importancia para los desarrolladores, la academia y los entes gubernamentales. El presente documento, describe un estudio de viabilidad que pretende observar y analizar por medio de referentes teóricos y datos gubernamentales la posibilidad de reinsertar los metales presentes en dichos residuos como catalizadores de reacción, encontrando que, gracias a las nuevas tecnologías de catalizadores verdes algunos metales recolectados a partir de este tipo de residuos, como el hierro y el oro podrían ser reinsertados. ; The waste of electrical and electronic equipment is a growing problem in the cities of the world, this is because the current lifestyles lead to the constant development of new products to meet the demand and consumption needs. Therefore, finding methodologies to mitigate the impact of such waste has taken on great importance for developers, academia and government entities. This document describes a feasibility study that aims to observe and analyze through theoretical references and government data the possibility of reinserting the metals present in these residues as reaction catalysts, finding that, thanks to new technologies of green catalysts some metals collected from this type of waste, such as iron and gold could be reinserted. ; Ingeniero Químico ; Pregrado

Watermelon is the second largest fruit crop worldwide, with great potential to valorise its rind waste. An experimental design was used to model how extraction parameters (temperature, pH, and time) impact on the efficiency of the process, purity, esterification degree, monosaccharide composition and molar mass of watermelon rind pectin (WRP), with an insight on changes in their structural properties (linearity, branching degree and extraction severity). The models for all responses were accurately fitted (R2 > 90%, lack of fit p ≥ 0.05) and experimentally validated. At optimum yield conditions, WRP yield (13.4%), purity (540 µg/g galacturonic acid) and molar mass (106.1 kDa) were comparable to traditional pectin sources but showed a higher branching degree with longer galactan side chains and a higher protein interaction. Harsher conditions (pH 1) generated purer homogalacturonan fractions with average molar masses (80 kDa) at the expense of yield, while mild extraction conditions (pH ≥ 2) produced highly branched entangled pectin structures. This study underlines novel compositional features in WRP and the possibility of producing novel customized pectin ingredients with a wider potential application scope depending on the targeted structure. ; This research was funded by the grant RTI-2018-094268-B-C22 (MCI/AEI/FEDER, EU). Mendez D. A. is supported by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Minciencias) of the Colombian Government (783-2017). M. J. Fabra and A. Martinez-Abad are recipients of Ramon y Cajal (RYC-2014-158) and Juan de la Cierva (IJDC-2017-31255), respectively, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. ; Peer reviewed

In this work, an advanced approach combining small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments, rheology and confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to explain the different emulsification mechanisms of three pectin sources (pectin extracted from watermelon rind -WRP- and commercial citrus -CP- and apple pectin -AP). Very interestingly, three different emulsification mechanisms were identified, related to the structure and composition of the pectin extracts. WRP had significantly greater emulsifying capacity than commercial CP and AP. This enhanced emulsification ability was mainly ascribed to a combination of its relatively high protein content (mainly acting as the surface-active material), combined with the presence of longer sugar side chains in pectin, further contributing to stabilizing the oil droplets in the emulsions. All these structural features resulted in a reduction in the mean droplet size as the concentration increased, thus, hindering flocculation and coalescence during the short-term storage conditions at 4 °C. In contrast, AP had the lowest emulsification capacity, which was only related to its viscosifying effect (provided by its greater Mw), while CP, having the greatest homogalacturonan content, greatest linearity and a more balanced hydrophilic/hydrophobic character (reflected in the degree of esterification), was able to form a better adsorbed layer at the o/w interphase, although it could not avoid flocculation and creaming at low pectin concentration during refrigerated storage. ; This work was funded by the grant RTI-2018-094268-B-C22 (MCI/AEI/FEDER, EU). Mendez D. A. is supported by the Administrative Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (Colciencias) of the Colombian Government (783–2017). M. J. Fabra and A. Martinez-Abad are recipients of Ramon y Cajal (RYC-2014-158) and Juan de la Cierva (IJDC-2017-31255), respectively, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. ; Peer reviewed

In this work, a bioactive persimmon extract was produced from discarded fruits. A central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of different extraction parameters and ripeness stages of persimmon fruits on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the resulting extracts. Significantly greater phenolic contents were obtained from immature persimmon (IP) fruits. The optimum IP extract with the conditions set by the experimental design was industrially up-scaled and its composition and functional properties were evaluated and compared with those obtained under lab-scale conditions. Both extracts contained significant protein (>20%) and phenolic contents (∼11–27 mg GA/g dry extract) and displayed significant antiviral activity against murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus. Moreover, the extract showed no toxicity and significantly reduced the fat content and the cellular ageing of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) without affecting the worm development. These effects were mediated by down-regulation of fat-7, suggesting an anti-lipogenic activity of this extract. ; This work was financially supported by the grant RTI-2018-094268-B-C22 (MCI/AEI/FEDER, EU). Mendez D. A. is supported by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Minciencias) of the Colombian Government (783-2017). M. J. Fabra and A. Martinez-Abad are recipients of Ramon y Cajal (RYC-2014-158) and Juan de la Cierva (IJDC-2017-31255), respectively, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness. We also appreciate the funding of the CERCA program (Centres de Recerca de Catalunya) of the Generalitat de Catalunya and from the CIEN project "BIOPRO" from CDTI. ; Peer reviewed