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HIV/AIDS, gender and rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa: an overview and annotated bibliography
In: AWLAE series 2
This second publication in the AWLAE series on HIV/AIDS and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa discusses the gender dimension of HIV/AIDS impact at household and community level. It does so in using the threefold typology of gender specific constraints, gender intensified disadvantages and gender imposed constraints. Special foci of attention include the implications of gender constraints for food security in rural settings, where women are the main producers of food crops as well as the main caregivers; and how cultural norms determine the different options open to women in contrast to men in mitigating the effects of the epidemic. This last point provides the link to the last publication in the series, which discusses agricultural mitigation strategies in the context of HIV/AIDS as a challenge to human development. The text is followed by an annotated bibliography.This second publication in the AWLAE series on HIV/AIDS and agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa discusses the gender dimension of HIV/AIDS impact at household and community level. It does so in using the threefold typology of gender specific constraints, gender intensified disadvantages and gender imposed constraints. Special foci of attention include the implications of gender constraints for food security in rural settings, where women are the main producers of food crops as well as the main caregivers; and how cultural norms determine the different options open to women in contrast to men in mitigating the effects of the epidemic. This last point provides the link to the last publication in the series, which discusses agricultural mitigation strategies in the context of HIV/AIDS as a challenge to human development. The text is followed by an annotated bibliography
From acts of citizenship to transnational lived citizenship: potential and pitfalls of subversive readings of citizenship
In: Citizenship studies, Band 26, Heft 4-5, S. 584-591
ISSN: 1469-3593
Transnational lived citizenship turns local: Covid‐19 and Eritrean and Ethiopian diaspora in Nairobi
In: Global networks: a journal of transnational affairs, Band 23, Heft 1, S. 106-119
ISSN: 1471-0374
AbstractThis paper analyses how migrant community practices of transnational lived citizenship were altered by both, COVID‐19 and the policy response from the Kenyan government. It is based on interviews with members of the Eritrean and Ethiopian diaspora residing in Nairobi. The paper demonstrates how policies introduced because of the pandemic caused migrant communities to lose local and remittance income. More than the loss of material resources, however, they were impacted by the elimination of social spaces that enable diaspora lives. These two dynamics have intensified a trend that may have been present before the pandemic, a local turn of transnational lived citizenship. By focusing on lived experiences and how they have been re‐assessed during the pandemic, the paper argues that transnational lived citizenship is always in flux and can easily become reconfigured as more localized practices. The concept of transnational lived citizenship is demonstrated to be a useful lens for analysing shifting migrant livelihoods and belonging.
Covid-19 and urban migrants in the Horn of Africa: lived citizenship and everyday humanitarianism
In: IDS bulletin: transforming development knowledge, Band 52, Heft 2, S. 11-26
ISSN: 1759-5436
World Affairs Online
Labour market integration and transnational lived citizenship: Aspirations and belonging among refugees in Germany
In: Global networks: a journal of transnational affairs, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 5-19
ISSN: 1471-0374
AbstractTransnational lived citizenship has gained prominence as a means to analyse mobility and foreground activist notions of citizenship over legal status. I argue that lived citizenship and transnational movements are strongly intertwined with aspirations and belonging. I use the material example of labour market integration as the space of enactments of citizenship and analyse the patterns of belonging those create and contest. I develop my argument through the empirical example of labour market integration of refugees in Germany. I demonstrate how such integration transforms social, and more importantly, economic location and in turn creates complex and often contradictory forms of transnational allegiances. I ultimately argue that lived citizenship can in important ways advance aspirations of refugees and migrants. At the same time, transnational lives and multiple allegiances are often hindered by state‐based citizenship and the rights this confers. Legal status thus remains an important marker of citizenship.
Reshaping conceptions of citizenship? German Business sector engagement and refugee integration
In: Citizenship studies, Band 25, Heft 3, S. 409-425
ISSN: 1469-3593
Protection of civilians mandates and 'collateral damage' of UN peacekeeping missions: histories of refugees from Darfur
In: International peacekeeping, Band 27, Heft 5, S. 760-784
ISSN: 1743-906X
This article contributes to refining our understanding of how a robust Protection of Civilians mandate in peacekeeping missions may have unintended and harmful consequences for key local actors involved. It focuses specifically on local mission staff employed to collect vital data on human rights abuses, taking the example of the hybrid UN-African Union (AU) peacekeeping mission in Darfur, UNAMID. It further explores how the UN system lacks a clear policy or automatically built-in mechanisms to prevent potential harm to those on whose local knowledge it relies. While predominately based on interview data with a small number of former UNAMID frontline human rights data-collectors from Darfur, the dynamics unveiled speak to more general issues when interrogating protection of civilians as the central pillar of UN peacekeeping missions, also beyond scenarios where the government of a host-state is hostile to the mission. The article concludes that the protection of local staff should feature prominently in any mission's approach, including an active commitment to withdraw staff from their positions if their security is threatened or compromised.
World Affairs Online
Colonial borders and hybrid identities: Lessons from the case of Eritrea
In: Borderlands, Band 19, Heft 1, S. 147-173
ISSN: 2652-6743, 1447-0810
Abstract
Colonialism left numerous borders in its wake that subsequently became contested. These colonial borders have often been discussed as artificial, dividing communities, people or ethnicities that otherwise would belong together. Such an interpretation of colonial borders, I argue in this article, overlooks another important aspect of colonial boundaries: their role in creating nations as 'imagined communities' who in making reference to such borders can lay claim to a distinct national identity. While such an identity can be exclusionary and trigger conflict, it can also have a much more positive and ultimately hybrid function. I use the case of Italian colonialism in the Horn of Africa to demonstrate these multiple roles colonial boundaries can occupy and focus specifically on the creation and contestations of the borders of Eritrea. I argue that the acceptance of borders as markers of identity can be a prerequisite for finding innovative ways to overcome exclusions in the everyday lives of borderland groups. Thus, the example of Eritrea could hold wider lessons for addressing postcolonial disputes about borders and boundaries, if institutional arrangements are put in place that allow fluidity in everyday encounters.
Borders and boundaries in the state-making of Eritrea: revisiting the importance of territorial integrity in the rapprochement between Eritrea and Ethiopia
In: Review of African political economy, Band 46, Heft 160, S. 279-293
ISSN: 1740-1720
World Affairs Online
The imaginary of socialist citizenship in Mozambique: the School of Friendship as an affective community
In: Twentieth century communism: a journal of international history, Band 15, Heft 15, S. 134-157
ISSN: 1758-6437
Post-liberation politics and political space in Eritrea: interrogating aspirations among educated youth
In: The journal of development studies, Band 54, Heft 6, S. 968-982
ISSN: 1743-9140
World Affairs Online
Post-Liberation Politics and Political Space in Eritrea: Interrogating Aspirations among Educated Youth
In: The journal of development studies, Band 54, Heft 6, S. 968-982
ISSN: 1743-9140
Assertive foreign policy in a 'bad neighbourhood': Eritrean foreign policy making
In: Müller , T R 2017 , ' Assertive foreign policy in a 'bad neighbourhood': Eritrean foreign policy making ' Paper presented at International Conference on Eritrean Studies , Asmara , Eritrea , 20/07/16 - 22/07/16 , pp. 1-14 .
Abstract: This paper interrogates certain aspects of Eritrean foreign policy making processes since independence. It analyses Eritrea's actions in the region, ranging from constructive engagement to the country's various conflicts with all its regional neighbours, including the 1998-2000 war with Ethiopia, and Eritrea's wider global attempts at diplomatic and foreign policy engagement. The paper argues that while Eritrea's assertive and often rather un-diplomatic foreign policy overtures are partly to blame for the country's negative image as an international actor, any attempt at developing an independent foreign policy by Eritrea needs at the same time be understood within the wider context of the Horn of Africa and the Ethiopian ambition to act as and maintain the status as regional hegemon. Thus, Eritrean foreign policy objectives were always bound to run into problems once they diverged from Ethiopia's own interests. In addition, Ethiopia became an increasingly important actor in the global war on terror and its manifestations in the Horn of Africa, thus its interpretation of and intransigence over relations with Eritrea became the dominant representation of Eritrea as an inherently belligerent state. Such a reading ignores that ultimately Eritrea's foreign policy engagement asserts the right of every nation to defend its own interests in light of international law and global treaties, regardless of global power dynamics.
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