Suchergebnisse

This book explores for the first time deviant behaviour in ancient Egyptian society and society's sanctions in response to it; theories derived from the field of anthropology and sociology of law are taken into consideration. Full use is made not only of juridical texts, but all varieties of textual and archaeological sources. All forms of deviant behaviour are described and classified primarily according to their target of the action. Then follows a discussion of all kinds of sanctions, both negative and positive. In general, the classification of crimes and punishments is based on different criteria to those used in Roman or modern law. E.g., the use of force did not play a decisive role and imprisonment did not exist as a form of punishment

Allgemeine Erklärung der Menschenrechte, Artikel 2: »Jedermann hat Anspruch auf die in dieser Erklärung proklamierten Rechte und Freiheiten ohne irgendeine Unterscheidung, wie etwa nach Rasse, Farbe, Geschlecht, Sprache, Religion, politischer oder sonstiger Überzeugung, nationaler oder sozialer Herkunft, nach Vermögen, Geburt oder sonstigem Status.« Artikel 7: »Alle Menschen sind vor dem Gesetz gleich und haben ohne Diskriminierung Anspruch auf gleichen Schutz durch das Gesetz. Alle haben Anspruch auf gleichen Schutz gegen jede Diskriminierung, welche die vorliegende Erklärung verletzen würde, und gegen jede Aufreizung zu einer derartigen Diskriminierung.« Diese Artikel stehen für Millionen von Menschen nur auf dem Papier. Dies gilt insbesondere für die schwächsten Teile der Gesellschaft wie ethnische Minoritäten, Flüchtlinge und Migranten.

Egypt's Old Kingdom ended, according to widespread scholarly opinion, with the last king of the 8th Dynasty—that is, around the middle of the twenty-second century BCE, or a few decades later. The reasons for the fall are to be seen in internal and/or climatic factors that arose much earlier, or possibly in an invasion from the northeast—explanations that do not preclude each other. As a result of these factors, the territorial entity of the Egyptian state was dissolved and a period of economic and cultural decline followed. The end of the Old Kingdom is one of the most controversial topics in Egyptian historiography. Moreover, the end recorded by the ancient Egyptians does not necessarily coincide with what modern scholars have considered the end. Until now the exact causes for the decline remain uncertain.

Egypt's Old Kingdom ended, according to widespread scholarly opinion, with the last king of the 8th Dynasty—that is, around the middle of the twenty-second century BCE, or a few decades later. The reasons for the fall are to be seen in internal and/or climatic factors that arose much earlier, or possibly in an invasion from the northeast—explanations that do not preclude each other. As a result of these factors, the territorial entity of the Egyptian state was dissolved and a period of economic and cultural decline followed. The end of the Old Kingdom is one of the most controversial topics in Egyptian historiography. Moreover, the end recorded by the ancient Egyptians does not necessarily coincide with what modern scholars have considered the end. Until now the exact causes for the decline remain uncertain.

Egypt's Old Kingdom ended, according to widespread scholarly opinion, with the last king of the 8th Dynasty—that is, around the middle of the twenty-second century BCE, or a few decades later. The reasons for the fall are to be seen in internal and/or climatic factors that arose much earlier, or possibly in an invasion from the northeast—explanations that do not preclude each other. As a result of these factors, the territorial entity of the Egyptian state was dissolved and a period of economic and cultural decline followed. The end of the Old Kingdom is one of the most controversial topics in Egyptian historiography. Moreover, the end recorded by the ancient Egyptians does not necessarily coincide with what modern scholars have considered the end. Until now the exact causes for the decline remain uncertain.