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Enzymes from organisms that are adapted to the existence at low temperatures attract significant attention of scientists as a perspective objects not only on a practical point of view, but also as a valuable tools for conducting basic research. This is due to unusual environmental conditions (low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, low illumination), as well as a significant level of economic profitability due to the widespread of marine hydrobionts and high efficiency of psychrophilic enzymes in comparison with their mesophilic and thermophilic analogues. The expediency of using the hydrobionts of the Antarctic region Parborlasia corrugatus and Sterechinus neumayeri as a source for producing individual enzymes was indicated by the results of electrophoretic analysis of enzymes from hydrobionts tissues extract, so it was concluded that the total extract contained a number of enzymes that were active with gelatin and fibrinogen. As a result of a combination of several chromatographic stages, which included affinity chromatography on Blue Sepharose 6 FF column and size exclusion chromatography on Superdex 75 PG and Superdex 200 PG columns, from the total hydrobiont tissue extract were obtained fractions of hydrolytic enzymes. From the total tissues extract of both hydrobionts
which was explored were isolated 4 fractions which showed gelatinase activity. Also from the tissues of Sterechinus neumayeri a fraction containing high-molecular enzymes capable of cleaving fibrinogen was isolated. The developed method of two-stage chromatography can be used further as a basis for optimizing the obtaining of enzymes of a similar spectrum of action from other objects.

Электронное правительство как один из главных элементов построения открытого государственного управления на примере Канады. Электронное правительство включает использование всех информационных и коммуникационных технологий для усовершенствования ежедневной деятельности прави­тельства. Известны три основные модели строительства электронных правительств: американская, европейская и азиатская. В статье рассматривается работа электронного правительства Канады, так как, во-первых, Канада является одним из мировых лидеров в этой области, и, во-вторых, при предоставлении услуг существуют проблемы, схожие с проблемами в России: большие расстояния, низкая плотность населения на большей части территории страны и т. д. ; E-government involves the use of information and communication technology to improve daily activities government. There are three main models of e-government construction: American, European and Asian. The article examines the work of e-government in Canada, because, firstly, Canada is one of the world leaders in this field, and secondly, the provision of services, there are problems similar to problems in Russia: long distances, low population density most of the country, etc.

The paper shows and gives justification to the definition «program» which wasn't used earlier in case of state planned economy of the Soviet period, and legislatively snugged at the moment within an economical and managerial profile as a complex of the interconnected projects and actions united by a common goal and coordinated jointly for the purpose of increase in general effectiveness and controllability. In the course of transition of Russia from system of central planning to fundamentals of market economy denial of the plan was observed, and the program became the instrument of state regulation of national economy. In article the analysis of programs as package of measures concerning innovative development of economy of Russia is carried out. ; В статье приведено обоснование дефиниции программ инновационного развития, не используемых ранее, при плановой экономике советского периода, и законодательно закрепленных на данный момент в рамках экономико-управленческого профиля как комплекс взаимосвязанных проектов и мероприятий, объединенных общей целью и координируемых совместно в целях повышения общей результативности и управляемости. В процессе перехода России от системы централизованного планирования к основам рыночной экономики наблюдалось отрицание плана, и программа становилась инструментом государственного регулирования национальной экономики. В статье проведен анализ программ как комплекса мер в отношении инновационного развития экономики России.

The paper explores changes in reviewing the Federal state educational standards as a "mimimum" and "degree" to "competencies" on the basis of works prepared by V. P. Bespalko, M. A. Kondakov, V. V. Kraevskiy, N. D. Nikandrov, M. V. Ryzhakov and V. D. Shadrikov. The authors analyze the Federal State Educational Standards applied in secondary education, Federal requirements for children's Art schools and training requirements to the applicants. The article raises a problem of inconsistency that causes the discontinuity of pre-University and professional training of students at Architecture and Art Universities. The authors analyzed Federal state educational standards for General secondary schools, Federal government requirements for children's schools of art and training requirements of entrants. The analysis raises the problem of the existence of inconsistencies. This problem causes breaches in continuity and pre-University training of students of Architectural and Art universities. The paper highlights the reasons that cause the problems: the destruction of the Soviet system of lifelong architectural education and implementation of dual leadership in the post-Soviet period by the Ministry of education and science of Russia and the Ministry of culture of Russia, the institutions of further training in the field of Art belong to. The subjects as Fine Art and Sketching contribute to students' spatial reasoning, visual skills; these subjects are included into the educational standards of secondary education and they are not taught to the pupils of 10-11 forms. Therefore, the secondary educational programme does not cover pre-university training in this field. The new category of "General educational program" has ambiguous interpretation as specific training and it is reviewed as an elective course. . Thus, the lack of a clear understanding of the place and role of pre-University training in professional education, as well as leveling the values of artistic skills for personal development not only leads to the discontinuity between pre-University and professional training, but also contributes to the reduction of the value of aesthetic personal education. ; На основе работ В. П. Беспалько, A. M. Кондакова, В. В. Краевского, Н. Д. Никандрова, М. В. Рыжакова, В. Д. Шадрикова рассматривается тенденция по изменению восприятия федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов как описания «минимума» и «уровня» к «совокупности требований» (2012 г.) и «стандарту компетенций». На примере анализа федеральных государственных образовательных стандартов для средней общей школы, федеральных государственных требований для детских школ искусства и требований к подготовке абитуриентов ставится проблема несогласованности, обусловливающей нарушение преемственности довузовской и профессиональной подготовки студентов архитектурно-художественных вузов. На основе анализа выявлено, что среди причин появления проблемы наиболее значимыми являются разрушение советской системы непрерывного архитектурно-художественного образования, а также осуществление в постсоветский период двойного руководства данным процессом со стороны Министерства образования и науки РФ и Министерства культуры РФ, в подчинении которого находятся учреждения дополнительного образования в области искусства. Такие предметы, как изобразительное искусство, черчение, позволяющие развивать пространственное мышление, изобразительные навыки, по образовательным стандартам как учебные дисциплины включены только в учебный план общего (среднего) образования, т. е. в 10-11 классах они уже не преподаются. И, как следствие, два года, наиболее значимых для подготовки к поступлению в профильный вуз, программа общего (полного) образования не охватывает. Появление новой категории «Общеразвивающие образовательные программы» имеет двусмысленную трактовку как, ориентированных на конкретную профессиональную подготовку и позиционирующихся в качестве досуговых занятий. Таким образом, отсутствие четкого понимания места и роли довузовской подготовки в профессиональном образовании, а также нивелирование значения художественной подготовки для развития личности не только приводят к нарушению преемственности между довузовским и профессиональным этапами подготовки, но и способствуют снижению ценности эстетического воспитания личности в целом.

The study of rare plants at the level of cenothic populations throughout the range greatly contributes to the identification of the features of their biology and ecology. We carried out the identification of the features of the age and spatial structure of the Adenophora lilifolia (L.) A. DC. cenothic populations in the ecological conditions of the steppe, foreststeppe zones of the Middle Volga (Samara region) and the Southern Urals (Republic of Bashkortostan), as well as the mountainous zone of the Southern Urals. Adenophora lilifolia is included in the Red Book of the Samara region (category 3 – a rare species).The study of A. lilifolia populations was carried out in different years on the territory of specially protected territories of different rank. In determining the structure of cenothic populations, standard techniques were used. The studied cenopopulations are located on the fringes of oak-lime, birch, less often maple-linden or aspen forests, sparse forests or forest potholes. The total density of individuals varies from 0.8 to 4.2 specimens/m2. The mean values of the generative fraction in the populations are 81.1 %, the prevalent fraction is 19.3 %. The basic ontogenetic spectrum of A. lilifolia is characterized as centered. Although the share of generative individuals in all cenopopulations is high, the distribution by ontogenetic groups in the two regions differs. The average values of demographic indices indicate a fairly high stability of the species populations. Of the 14 investigated cenopopulations of A. lilifolia, according to the "delta-omega" criterion, most are mature, in addition, transitional and maturing are identified. In general, the state of the populations in the Southern Urals is fairly prosperous. All studied populations in the Samara region have a high anthropogenic load, and the number of individuals in specific habitats is low.

Abstract
The features of the ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations of a rare species Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) were studied on the periphery of its range (the Middle Volga region and the Bashkir Cis-Urals) and in its central part (the Altai Mountains region). Types of cenopopulations were determined according to the "delta-omega" criterion: in the Bashkir Urals, they were mostly young, in the Middle Volga region, they were mature, in the Altai Mountains, they were maturing. The proportion of pregenerative individuals in populations increases in habitats with high moisture levels. Anthropogenic load (mainly in the form of grazing) had a greater effect on the number and density of individuals, rather than on the type of ontogenetic spectrum of cenopopulations.

This report was prepared by the staff of the Institute for Economic Forecast of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. It gives suggestions to implement priority measures to facilitate the transfer the Russian economy to the direction defined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (est. May 7, 2018). The report also highlights priority directions of the economic policy, primarily in investment activity, development of the domestic market, as well as financial and organizational support for the suggested actions. ; В докладе, подготовленном сотрудниками Института народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН и Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации, представлены предложения по первоочередным мерам, способствующим переводу российской экономики на траекторию, определенную Указом Президента Российской Федерации от 07.05.2018. Выделены приоритетные направления экономической политики, прежде всего, в инвестиционной деятельности, развитии внутреннего рынка, а также финансового и организационного обеспечения предлагаемых мер.