Suchergebnisse

"Sustainable Development" published on by Oxford University Press.

Within the context of regional integration, comparative regionalism, organizational change, and regional security literatures, this book investigates three cases wherein regional economic organizations were confronted with conventional security threats: the 1978-91 Association of Southeast Asian Nations-Vietnam Standoff, the 1990 Economic Community of West Africa-Liberian Civil War Challenge, and the 1990-91 European Communities-Balkans Crisis. While the literature suggests multiple possible explanations for regional economic organizations' response to these security challenges, including systemic and power-related factors, organizational factors and functional needs, and cognitive and social factors, the author argues that the decision to transform a regional economic organization into a conventional security actor is most influenced by decision makers' perceptions of threat and functional necessity.

Within the context of regional integration, comparative regionalism, organizational change, and regional security literatures, this book investigates three cases wherein regional economic organizations were confronted with conventional security threats: the 1978-91 Association of Southeast Asian Nations-Vietnam Standoff, the 1990 Economic Community of West Africa-Liberian Civil War Challenge, and the 1990-91 European Communities-Balkans Crisis. While the literature suggests multiple possible explanations for regional economic organizations' response to these security challenges, including systemic and power-related factors, organizational factors and functional needs, and cognitive and social factors, the author argues that the decision to transform a regional economic organization into a conventional security actor is most influenced by decision makers' perceptions of threat and functional necessity. M. Leann Brown is Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Florida, USA.

Some recent scholarship has focused on concerns that implementation and compliance difficulties are undermining the legitimacy of European Union environmental policies and even the EU itself. Other officials and analysts, however, contend that environmental policy is one of the EU's most successful policy areas. While most discuss 'legitimacy' in unspecified or dichotomous terms, it is instead a more nuanced and contested concept. This study investigates several evolving and interacting bases of legitimacies associated with 'permissive acceptance' (based upon functional need, scientific and technical authority, and policy effectiveness), 'appropriateness' (based upon normative consensus, legalization, and adjudication), democracy (based upon representation, participation, and deliberation), and identity (based upon global leadership and 'othering'). These legitimacies vary in terms of their strength, stability, and durability among the multiple European actors and institutions.

Scientific uncertainty characterizes policy making in many environmental issue areas. Policymakers must rely on scientists to bring environmental problems to their attention, design & prescribe policy solutions, & to define & evaluate policy effectiveness. An important theoretical question is: What role does organizational learning play in amelioration of scientific uncertainty & shaping environmental policy. This study examines the political processes & policy outcomes associated with European Union policy making to revise water quality directives & deal with climate change to ascertain & describe the role played by organizational learning. The evidence suggests that organizational learning is occurring as an integral part of the political dynamics of policy making in these two issue areas. 1 Table, 55 References. Adapted from the source document.

During the past 25 years, there have been several efforts by developing countries to establish regional economic institutions to address their poverty, underdevelopment, and external dependency. Although the economic imperatives and rationales for their creation intuitively seemed sufficient to ensure that the national political leaderships would choose to engage in whatever give-and-take was necessary to achieve their stated goals, the historical record reveals that these regional organisations have experienced uneven results at best. Several are now defunct. Why is this the case?