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There have been numerous dramatic developments in the Middle East during the past year. Although 1981 will not be remembered as a year that contained events with the significance of those in 1956, 1967, 1973, and 1977, it will nonetheless be recalled as a turbulent and intense year in the history of this most dynamic area.

Les données de recensement sur le marriage au Canada pour la période 1851–1891 sont examinées. La nuptialité canadienne est perçue dans le contexte du type de marriage unique et historique d'Europe occidentale, et la conclusion en est tirée que le niveau de nuptialité au Canada est peu élevé, comme du reste, celui d'Europe occidentale qu'il essaye de suivre. Les éléments qui influencent les tendances et le taux de nuptialité sont discutés avec l'emphase sur les variables démographiques. Les variations inter‐provinciales du marriage au xixe siècle sont présentées et analysées.Census data concerning marriage in Canada for the period from 1851 to 1891 are examined. The Canadian nuptiality experience is viewed in the light of the unique, historical western European marriage pattern, with the finding that Canadian nuptiality levels are low, in keeping with the western European pattern. Factors accounting for nuptiality level and trend are discussed, with a particular focus on demographic variables. Provincial variation in nineteenth‐century marriage behaviour is described and analyzed.

This research is concerned with analysing differentials in age at marriage and universality of marriage among Canadian women for the period from 1931 to 1976, using Canadian census data. The variables examined are place of residence (rural/urban), ethnicity and region. Trends and variations in female nuptiality are examined from a framework focussing upon the dimensions of marriage desirability, marriage feasibility and availability of mates. It is found that, while some convergence along these three variables has occurred and while the mid-twentieth Century upswing in female nuptiality was virtually universal, differentials in marriage pattern in terms of these variables remain. Cultural factors, particularly, appear to continue to exert an effect upon marriage pattern.

BackgroundBehaviour problems are most common in people with intellectual disabilities. Nature of behaviour problems can vary depending upon the age, sex and intellectual level (IQ).ObjectivesThis study examined the distribution of behaviour problems across intellectual disability categories and their association with IQ age and sex in children with intellectual disabilities.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study design. A total of 104 participants (57 males and 47 females), aged 3–18 years, with intellectual disabilities were administered The Behavioural Assessment Scale for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (BASIC‐MR).ResultsIt was found that violent and destructive, temper tantrum and self‐injurious behaviours were differently distributed with reference to intellectual disability levels (P > 0.05) but cumulative scores per se problem behaviours did not vary with the level of intellectual disabilities. IQ showed a significant positive correlation with destructive and violent and misbehaves with other; and a significant negative correlation with temper tantrums and self‐injurious behaviours. Age was significantly, positively associated with violent and destructive, odd, and hyperactive behaviours and inversely with self‐injurious problem behaviours. There was no significant relationship between the sex of the child and problem behaviours. There was no significant interactive effect of sex and level of intellectual disabilities of the child on problem behaviours.ConclusionBehaviour problems, in general, are not equally distributed in all categories of intellectual disabilities. Relationship between behaviour problems and age, sex and IQ may not be uniform. But specific behaviours are more associated with specific age group and intellectual disability levels.