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This article explores the strategic motivations for insurgent violence against civilians. It argues that violence is a function of insurgent capacity and views violence and security as selective benefits that insurgents manipulate to encourage support. Weak insurgent groups facing collective action problems have an incentive to target civilians because they lack the capacity to provide sufficient benefits to entice loyalty. By contrast, stronger rebels can more easily offer a mix of selective incentives and selective repression to compel support. This relationship is conditioned by the counterinsurgency strategies employed by the government. Indiscriminate regime violence can effectively reduce the level of selective incentives necessary for insurgents to recruit support, thus reducing their reliance on violence as a mobilization tool. However, this relationship only holds when rebels are sufficiently capable of credibly providing security and other incentives to civilian supporters. These hypotheses are tested using data on one-sided violence from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program. The statistical analysis supports the hypothesis that comparatively capable insurgents kill fewer civilians than their weaker counterparts. The results also suggest a complex interaction between insurgent capability and government strategies in shaping insurgent violence. While weaker insurgents sharply escalate violence in the face of indiscriminate regime counterinsurgency tactics, stronger groups employ comparatively less violence against civilians as regime violence escalates.

Anti-politics has emerged as an important concept for analysing the effects of distrust on liberal democratic politics. However, it is unclear why democrats should trust individuals who distrust politics to help them in renewing democracy. This article addresses this puzzle by defining four types of anti-politics: technocratic, elitist, populist and participatory. It then compares the political thought of four democratic thinkers associated with each type, to discern the extent to which they are 'productive' or 'unproductive' for representative democracy. The article argues that participatory and technocratic types of anti-politics, illustrated by the thought of Carole Pateman and, to a lesser extent, Friedrich Hayek, are productive for representative democracy because they prompt reflexivity in how representative institutions work. By contrast, populist and elitist types of anti-politics, illustrated by the thought of Ernesto Laclau and Joseph Schumpeter, are less productive. The article concludes that scholars need to carefully discern the logic underlying populist and technocratic 'solutions' to our contemporary democratic crisis because those solutions can themselves be advocated by 'false friends' who are unreflexive about what should be considered ideal sources of 'expert knowledge' or 'popular will'.

In 2017, the European Medicines Agency staged the first effort at democratic innovation within transnational European Union institutions directly influencing the transnational regulation of medicines. Alongside its public consultation on epilepsy drug Valproate, European Medicines Agency included a public hearing involving representatives of patients and testimony from those directly affected by the medicines. Using this critical case study, the article argues from a deliberative democratic perspective that although the hearing in many ways exhibited the traditional shortcomings of elite-driven deliberation, it also demonstrated unexpected and surprising deliberative qualities. Based on new quantitative analysis of the hearing using the Discourse Quality Index, and qualitative observation of over 4 hours of footage, the article argues European Medicines Agency's hearing facilitated equitable access and influence of patients and members of the public who had previously been excluded from decision making on drug distribution. These findings provide important new evidence of the deliberative democratic value of public hearings.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1972.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- A Note on Sources and Translations -- Maps and Tables -- Introduction -- One. The Human Ecology of Justice -- Two. Justice Between Plantation and Port -- Three. Between "Île Deserte" and "Île de France" -- Four. Entrepôts in a Changing Empire -- Conclusion -- Glossary -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

"Archipelago of Justice assesses France's Atlantic and Indian Ocean colonies in tandem, highlighting the interconnectedness of these dynamic oceanic trading systems and slave societies. Drawing together evidence from law courts, correspondence, and personnel records, it uncovers the interwoven lives of previously anonymous colonial participants-from soldiers and sailors to planters, artisans, women investors, and emancipated slaves-who together built France's first global empire. These imperial subjects sought new political and legal influence via law courts with strategies that reflected local and regional priorities, particularly regarding slavery, war, and trade"--

"Archipelago of Justice assesses France's Atlantic and Indian Ocean colonies in tandem, highlighting the interconnectedness of these dynamic oceanic trading systems and slave societies. Drawing together evidence from law courts, correspondence, and personnel records, it uncovers the interwoven lives of previously anonymous colonial participants-from soldiers and sailors to planters, artisans, women investors, and emancipated slaves-who together built France's first global empire. These imperial subjects sought new political and legal influence via law courts with strategies that reflected local and regional priorities, particularly regarding slavery, war, and trade"--

Why rebels mobilize women for war -- The strategic implications of female fighters -- Female combatants in three civil wars -- Empirical evaluation of female combatant prevalence -- Empirical evaluation of the effects of female combatants -- Conclusion : understanding women's participation in armed resistance -- Appendix A : version history -- Appendix B : examples of coding narratives from ward -- Appendix C : survey wording and instrument.

Introduction: consumer sexualities -- Sexual consumption and liberation in feminism -- Consumer sex: technologies of the self -- Sexual spaces: going sex shopping -- The sexy body: wearing lingerie -- Sexual objects: using "sex toys" -- Conclusion: (sexual) politics of the ordinary

Introduction -- Theories of European integration -- The Rome Treaty and its original agenda (1957-1975) -- The Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty (1975-1993) -- Efforts to reach the next level (1994-2005) -- Institutional dynamics in the European Union -- Enlargement -- Economic and monetary union -- The common agricultural policy -- Cohesion, environmental, and industrial policies -- External economic relations of the European Union -- Common foreign and domestic security policies -- Conclusion