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Humans exploiting their natural resources must always be based on an environmental approach. This is reasonable because environmental problems are closely related to population growth, the impact of which is the high demand for natural resources. One of the natural resources most widely used by humans for various purposes is coal. The negative impact of coal mining is to trigger deforestation and exacerbate climate change. This writing uses normative juridical research. The approach used is the statutory approach. Therefore, the management process of exploring and exploiting every mining material, especially coal, requires various AMDAL mechanisms as part of environmentally sound development management. Provisions regarding mineral and coal mining activities oblige mining companies to carry out reclamation and post-mining activities of the mining areas they cultivate. The scope of the implementation of reclamation activities starts from exploration, land clearing, excavation of top and over-borders, coal excavation, land arrangement, revegetation, including nursery preparation, and maintenance and evaluation of activity results. Reclamation is carried out no later than one month after there are no more mining business activities on disturbed land. Reclamation and post-mining activities are one of the obligations of mining business activities.

The UK has incorporated the strict liability principle in dealing with the environmental offence in its legislations. However, the principle application has some detrimental impacts. This article aims to discuss strict liability crimes in the UK's environmental legislations and civil penalties in the UK, the detrimental effects of applying its principle and the reasons for supplementing criminal penalties for environmental offences with civil penalties. This will be done through the adoption of a doctrinal legal research method. The incorporation of strict liability principle in the UK's legislations can be found in the Environmental Protection Act 1990, the Water Resources Act 1991, Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 and the Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2010 (SI 2010 No. 675). The detrimental effects of the principle application are the ignorance of mens rea element, unfair trial, ineffective environmental damage prevention, and contradictory to release right. The reasons for applying civil penalties of criminal law violation in regard with violating environmental law are this punishment is possible to be imposed on companies, it strengthens another kind of non-criminal sentence sanction, it is a peaceful solution, a polluter may manage by himself to repair the damage, it has no stigma on the polluter and it has wider law enforcement form. There is a dearth of literature looking at the latest UK's legislation incorporating strict liability principle application. This article will fill this literature gap.

Abstract Completion of the armed conflict in both the legal and political framework set in customary international law and the Hague Convention I of 1899 and 1907 on the peaceful resolution of disputes, as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Mechanisms for resolving armed conflicts as well as measures to prevent the emergence of armed conflict refers to the two methods of dispute resolution, the peaceful resolution of disputes and the settlement of disputes by force or violence. Patterns in the context of conflict resolution approach more focused on the efforts of early stage to prevent the emergence of armed-conflict. Such efforts can be done with diplomacy and political mediation efforts by involving the various parties that are considered to be actors of peace. While humanitarian law in the context of normative law enforcement efforts imprinted on the situation of the ongoing war, one of its forms through foreign intervention in the ongoing armed conflict itself. In the present context of the humanitarian intervention of humanitarian law known as the Responsibility to Protect (R to P). In addition through the UN mechanism for the continuous efforts of the international community to prevent the emergence of armed conflict also involving a number of other actors who can be considered a partner for peace. One of them involving specific groups that can be considered a party to break the chain of armed conflict itself. One of them is through the mechanism of the Kimberley Process.

ABSTRAK: Suriah sebagai salah satu negara Timur Tengah ikut terkena imbas fenomena Arab Spring. Dalam kasus Suriah fenomena politik Arab Spring tersebut berubah menjadi konflik bersenjata sektarian yang akhirnya ikut menyeret terlibatnya sejumlah negara kawasan dan sekutu kawasan khususnya negara Timur Tengah. Perkembangan dari konflik tersebut menimbulkan kompleksitas konflik bersenjata internal Suriah dan secara tidak langsung juga berimplikasi pada perubahan tatanan definitif tentang konflik bersenjata menurut pandangan hukum humaniter internasional. Perubahan pandangan secara hukum humaniter tersebut karena munculnya aktor-aktor lain dalam konflik internal Suriah hingga merubah sudut pandang akademis apakah konflik bersenjata Suriah tersebut masih termasuk dalam kualifikasi jenis konflik bersenjata internal/internal armed conflict. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konflik internal Suriah termasuk dalam kualifikasi konflik bersenjata internasional. Identifikasi tersebut dari munculnya dukungan sejumlah negara yang mendukung pihak pemberontak maupun rezim penguasa Suriah pimpinan Bashar Al-assad. The Identification of Armed Conflict of Suriah According to International Humanitarian Law ABSTRACT: As one of the Middle Eastern countries, Syria is also suffering from the impact of the Arab Spring phenomenon. In the case of Syria, the political phenomenon of the Arab Spring turns into an armed conflict that eventually participate dragging sectarian involvement of a number of countries in the region and regional allies, especially Middle Eastern countries. The development of the conflict raises the complexity of the internal armed conflict Syria and indirectly implicated in changes in the definitive arrangement of the armed conflict in the eyes of international humanitarian law. Changes in view of humanitarian law such as the emergence of other actors in internal conflicts Syria to change the academic point of view whether the Syrian armed conflict is still included in the qualification of armed conflict internal / internal armed conflict. The results showed that the internal conflict in Syria, including the qualification of international armed conflict. The identification of a number of countries that support the emergence of supporting the rebels and the Syrian regime of Bashar Al-assad leaders.

This research investigates the Ombudsman recommendations as the improvement of the maladministration's prevention and the efforts that against government agencies which do not implemented their duties. This juridical-normative research uses four kinds of approach like statute, historical, conceptual and comparative approach. The Ombuds-man's existence after 19 years establishment can be said hasn't fully work as that institution expectation. The responsibility to accept all complaint about maladminis-tration especially in public services just relied only by issues the recommendations about conclusions and suggestions. Ombudsman doesn't has the authority to execute the result of their investigations, so that the rules of recommendation's implementation are weak. The 2016-2020 period's recommendation haven't implemented optimal enough. Therefore, recommendations as the improvement of the maladministration's prevention need to equalizing the perspective and detailed the implementation rules, so that a stronger legal protection about the position and also the function of its recommen-dations can be achieving prosperity.

The implementation of sharia in Aceh has gone through a democratic process subscribed by the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Nevertheless, some observers consider it problematic. Against this backdrop, this article discusses the principles of the formalization of sharia into positive law and further concretely analyses the case of formalization of sharia in Aceh. Employing a normative approach on research of law, this article shows that the principles of sharia codified in the qanuns of Aceh are grounded on the Qurʾān and the Sunna. The formalization of the sharia into the qanuns has gone through democracy and complies with the Indonesian law. Those qanuns contain regulations on ʿaqīda, muʿāmala, Islamic convocation, and Islamic criminal law.

Guna melancarkan pelaksanaan investigasi, sistem fingerprint (sidik jari) memang telah dipakai sejak dahulu sebagai bagian dari hukum acara pidana di Indonesia. Namun demikian dalam pelaksanaannya, sidik jari bisa saja tidak memainkan fungsinya dengan baik untuk mengungkap suatu perkara yang salah satunya diakibatkan ketidakprofesionalan petugas penyidik dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Adapun tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah agar dapat diketahui kegunaan dari sidik jari untuk kemudahan pelaksanaan penyelidikan demi mengetahui identitas korban dan menemukan siapa pelaku tindak pidananya. Selain itu juga untuk menjelaskan tentang apa saja hal yang menghambat petugas penyidik kepolisian dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Mengenai jenis penelitian yang digunakan disini yaitu normatif, sedangkan perundang-undangan serta konseptual dijadikan sebagai pendekatannya. Menurut hasil penelitian ini, dapat diungkapkan bahwa melalui sidik jari akan sangat membantu proses pengungkapan suatu perkara pidana karena kegunaannya mendukung atau melengkapi dari sejumlah alat bukti yang lain. Meskipun demikian, sidik jari tersebut tidak bisa menjadi alat bukti tunggal, tetapi ia merupakan bagian dari keterangan yang diberikan oleh ahli yang ditunjuk ketika proses perjalanan sidang perkaranya di pengadilan. Adapun hal-hal penghalang penggunaan sidik jari pada proses penyidikan perkara kriminal untuk mengetahui data diri orang yang menjadi korban jiwa dan siapa yang menghabisi nyawa orang tersebut, antara lain adalah beberapa keadaan yang dijumpai di lokasi terjadinya peristiwa berupa kondisi alam yang tidak mendukung (seperti karena hujan dan sebagainya), datangnya binatang yang memakan korban yang sudah meninggal itu atau karena jasad korban sudah mulai membusuk dan bahkan ada yang tinggal kerangka saja. Kemudian karena datangnya masyarakat beramai-ramai yang kemudian tanpa sengaja mengubah keadaan di lokasi kejadian dan juga disebabkan kelalaian pihak yang melakukan penyidikan pada saat bertugas menginvestigasi di lapangan. Disarankan kepada yang berprofesi sebagai penegak hukum agar mampu mengakomodir dan peka terhadap berbagai hal yang berkembang di kehidupan masyarakat. Di antaranya yaitu munculnya inovasi yang berhubungan dengan ilmu forensik yakni sistem fingerprint atau sidik jari, buah dari keberhasilan di bidang bioteknologi.In order to facilitate the conduct of the investigation, the fingerprint system has been used since a long time as part of criminal procedure law in Indonesia. However, in its implementation, fingerprints may not play their functions properly to uncover a case, one of which is due to the unprofessionalism of investigating officers in carrying out their duties. The purpose of this research is to be able to know the usefulness of fingerprints for the ease of conducting investigations in order to find out the identity of the victim and find out who the perpetrator is. In addition, it also explains what are the things that prevent police investigators from carrying out their duties. Regarding the type of research used here which is normative, while legislation and conceptual are used as approaches. According to the results of this study, it can be revealed that through fingerprints it will greatly help the process of disclosing a criminal case because its use supports or complements a number of other evidence. Even so, the fingerprint cannot be a single evidence, but it is part of the information given by the appointed expert during the trial process in court. As for the obstacles to the use of fingerprints in the process of investigating criminal cases to find out the personal data of people who have been victimized and who killed the lives of people, among others are several conditions found in the location of events in the form of unsupportive conditions (such as rain and so on), the arrival of animals that have killed the victims or because the bodies of the victims have begun to rot and even some are left with a skeleton. Then because of the coming of the people who later unintentionally changed the situation at the scene and also due to negligence of the party who carried out the investigation while in charge of investigating in the field. It is recommended to those who work as law enforcers to be able to accommodate and be sensitive to various things that develop in people's lives. Among them are the emergence of innovations related to forensic science, namely the fingerprint or fingerprint system, the fruit of success in the field of biotechnology.

Article 180 (1) letter D of Aceh Governance Act No. 11 of 2006 on the Aceh Government articulated that zakat is one of the Aceh Province, regencies, or cities' original revenue sources. However, the legal basis of collecting zakat in Pidie, Bireuen and Lhokseumawe is very weak as it is only based on the Head of Regency or Mayor Regulation. This research aims to examine Islamic aspects of zakat collection in Pidie Regency, Bireuen Regency and Lhokseumawe City, and whether such collection has been in accordance with existing laws or not. This is normative legal research by examining the collection of zakat from Islamic aspects and existing laws in regard with the collection of zakat within such three regions. The research shows that Pidie Regency does not collect income zakat as it follows Madhhab al-Shāfiʿī which does not recognize it. The collection of this kind of zakat in Bireuen and Lhokseumawe has been in accordance with existing laws.

AbstrakPenelitian ini memiliki latar belakang dengan ditemukannya perilaku sopan santun remaja yang sudah sesuai harapan, karena kebanyakan para orang tua menerapkan pola asuh demokratis dalam mendidik anak-anaknya, dan sopan santun remaja di RW 08 Cadas Ngampar Kelurahan Argasunya Kecamatan Harjamukti Kota Cirebon sudah dikatakan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data tentang pola asuh demokratis yang diterapkan para orang tua, perilaku sopan santun remaja Cadas Ngampar berperilaku baik, hubungan antara Pengaruh Pola Asuh Demokratis Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Sopan Santun Remaja Usia 13-17 Tahun Di RW 08 Cadas Ngampar Kelurahan Argasunya Kecamatan Harjamukti Kota Cirebon.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi. Teknik Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif, dan uji korelasi.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diatas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Perilaku Sopan Santun Remaja di RW Cadas Ngampar Kelurahan Argasunya Kecamatan Harjamukti Kota Cirebon dalam kategori Baik dengan skor sebesar 75.7% karena berada pada rentang prosentase antara 75% - 100%. Pengaruh Pola Asuh Demokratis Orang Tua Terhadap Perilaku Sopan Santun Remaja Usia 13-17 Tahun di RW 08 Cadas Ngampar Kelurahan Argasunya Kecamatan Harjamukti Kota Cirebon terdapat nilai cukup tinggi karena berada pada interval 0,40 – 0,70 dengan nilai rxy = 00,630. Dengan demikian ada variabel lain yang lebih memiliki hubungan dengan perilaku sopan santun remaja.

ABSTRAK: Peningkatan aktivitas pembangunan, berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan ruang. Sejumlah ruang tidak bisa bebas dimanfaatkan, seperti sempadan sungai. Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji bagaimana pemanfaatan ruang di sempadan sungai Krueng Jambo Aye, Aceh Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris, yang mengkaji implementasi ketentuan hukum positif dan kontak secara faktual pada setiap peristiwa tertentu yang terjadi dalam masyarakat guna mencapai tujuan yang ditentukan. Selain data primer, penelitian ini juga didukung oleh data sekunder. Analisis data secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian, penyebab terjadinya penyimpangan adalah adanya intervensi politik dalam bentuk aspirasi dewan. Di samping itu kurang berjalannya fungsi koordinasi dan peran antara satuan kerja perangkat daerah dan legislatif. Hal lain yang menjadi penyebab, karena belum adanya rencana tata ruang wilayah yang berkekuatan hukum, belum terealisasinya rencana tata ruang kawasan strategis dan peraturan zonasi sebagai penjabaran rencana tata ruang wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Utara 2012-2032. Sebab terakhir perumahan warga karena tidak adanya teguran kepada para penghuni rumah yang secara turun-temurun tinggal di atas sempadan sungai. Disarankan agar Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Utara meninjau kembali melalui revisi rencana tata ruang yang telah ditetapkan dalam Qanun No. 7 Tahun 2013, sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 15 Tahun 2010. Spatial Abuse at Riparian Krueng Jambo Aye North Aceh River ABSTRACT: An increase on construction activities, affects spatial usages. A number of spaces cannot be used, such as river border. This paper examines the use of space in the border river of Krueng Jambo Aye, North Aceh. This is empirical legal research exploring the implementation of legislations and contact factually on any special events that occur within the community in order to achieve its objectives. In addition, primary data are also supported by secondary data. Data are analyzed through qualitative approach. The findings show that the cause of the violation is political interference of parliament members. Moreover, lack of coordination and the role of the functioning of the local work unit and the members. Furthermore, there is no spatial plan that is legal; there is no strategic regional spatial plans realization and zoning regulations as the elaboration of spatial plan, the North Aceh district from 2012 to 2032. Finally, residents' houses are occupying the place since their ancestors have not been warned. It is recommended that the Government of North Aceh District should revise the spatial plans as ruled in Qanun Number 7, 2013 in accordance with the Government Regulation Number 15, 2010.

ABSTRAK. Pasal 18 ayat (1) huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2001 tentang perubahan atas undang-undang nomor 31 tahun 1999 tentang pemberantasan tindak pidana korupsi (UUPTPK) mengatur bahwa: "pembayaran uang pengganti yang jumlahnya sebanyak-banyaknya sama dengan harta benda yang diperoleh dari tindak pidana korupsi hal ini dapat dilihat dalam." Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 4 Tahun 1988 mengatur keadaan kondisional, apabila dalam pelaksanaan eksekusi pembayaran uang pengganti jumlah barang yang dimiliki terpidana tidak mencukupi lagi, harus diajukan melalui gugatan perdata ke pengadilan. Dengan demikian ketentuan yang mengatur penerapan jumlah Pembayaran uang pengganti, bertujuan untuk memulihkan kerugian negara akibat tindak pidana korupsi. Masalah pokok penelitian ini ialah (1) Bagaimana mekanisme yang diterapkan guna melakukan penggantian keuangan negara dalam tindak pidana korupsi? (2) Apakah kendala yang dihadapi pihak eksekutor dalam melakukan penggantian keuangan negara? (3) Apakah upaya yang dilakukan pihak Kejaksaan apabila Terpidana tidak sanggup melakukan penggantian keuangan negara? Penelitian dan pengkajian ini bertujuan menjelaskan mekanisme yang diterapkan guna melakukan penggantian keuangan negara dalam tindak pidana korupsi, kendala yang dihadapi eksekutor dalam melakukan penggantian keuangan negara, dan upaya yang dilakukan pihak Kejaksaan apabila Terpidana tidak sanggup melakukan penggantian keuangan negara. Execution of Money in Lieu of Convict Corruption by the High Attorney Aceh ABSTRACT. Article 18 Section 1 capital b Law Number 20 of 2001 about changes of legislation Number 31 of 1999 about eradication of corruption regulates that : "reimbursement as much as the properties gotten from the act of corruption". The Handbill by the Supreme Court Number 4 of 1988 regulates conditionals condition if on the execution of reimbursement from the properties of the convict is insufficient, must be filled from the civil law court. Thus, the requirements which regulates the application of reimbursement summation is done to recover the state losses from criminal act of corruption. The research main subjects are (1) What is the mechanism applied to conduct reimbursement of financial state in criminal act of corruption? (2) What are the obstacles faced by the executors in conducting reimbursement ? (3) What is the efforts performed by the Attorneys if the Convict cannot do the reimbursement ? This research study aims to explain the mechanism applied in conducting reimbursement of state finance in criminal act of corruption, the obstacles faced by the executors in conducting the financial reimbursement and the efforts done by the Attorney in the condition on the Convict fail to do financial reimbursement.

This study aimed to describe the shape of local government actions in tackling illegal fishing in Aceh, the handling of illegal fishing destructive fishery resources. The fundamental point is Law No. 45 Year 2009 concerning fisheries. This spesification of this research descriptive analysis, used both normative juridical approach and empirical. The results showed that the local government has made an effort preventive and repressive in the case of illegal fishing. To coordinate with relevant agencies and empower the role of traditional institutions of the sea to assist the role of government and law enforcement.Local governments should improve the coordination and supervision of the marine area, to monitor and evaluate the performance of local authorities in applying the law against this illegal fishing case.Keywords: Illegal, Local Government, and Fishing.

Studying on the politics of Islamic education in Indonesia cannot be separated from historical aspects. This study discusses why and how the history of Islamic education cannot be separated from the birth, growth and development of Islamic education in a country. In the Indonesian context, the political history of Islamic education cannot be separated from the dynamics of Islamic education and power from time to time, starting from the pre-independence period to the present. This article uses qualitative research methods that emphasize the study of documents or texts. That is, the study of the text in this study focuses more on the analysis or interpretation of written material based on the context. The results of this study indicate that the relationship between history and politics of Islamic education in Indonesia is very close and strong relationship. Azyumardi Azra sees the historical aspect as very dominant in constructing the political reality of Islamic education in Indonesia from time to time. In this context, Michel Foucault gives attention to the genealogical aspects in history which focus on the origin and form of the history of knowledge which in certain contexts cannot be separated from power.

Undang-Undang No. 44/1999 tentang Penyelenggaraan Keistimewaan Aceh jo. Undang-Undang No. 22/1999 tentang Pokok-pokok Pemerintahan Daerah, mengatur lembaga-lembaga adat, termasuk mengaktifkan kembali lembaga Tuha Peut dalam berbagai perangkat regulasi/aturan dan kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah di Aceh. Selanjutnya, Undang-Undang No. 18/2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus dan terakhir dengan Undang-undang No. 11/2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh, maka lahirlah berbagai produk hukum berupa qanun, yang menempatkan kembali lembaga dan peran tuha peut dalam Pemerintahan Gampong dan Mukim di Aceh. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perlunya pendekatan kontemporer ditempuh oleh pemerintah dengan melibatkan sejumlah pihak dan kalangan dalam menjaga perdamaian Aceh. Salah satu pendekatan kontemporer tersebut dengan melibatkan unsur perempuan sebagai agen perdamaian yang terdapat dalam struktur Tuha Puet Gampong. Namun demilian banyak diantara perempuan enggan mencalonkan diri sebagai anggota dari Tuha Peut Gampong. Banyak dari mereka bahkan masih menganggap bahwa Tuha Puet Gampong masih merupakan ranahnya kaum pria. The Deconstruction of the Role of Female Tuha Peut in Peace Keeping Activities in Aceh The Law No. 44/1999 on Special Autonomy and the Law of Governing Aceh and the Law No .22/1999 on Cores of Local Goverment regulate the Adat institutions, including reactivated the Tuha Peut institution in every regulations and Aceh local goverment policies. The Law No. 18/2001 on Special Autonomy and the UUPA have been establishing more legal products such as qanun that resettle the adat institutions and the role of the tuha peut in local government of gampong and mukim in Aceh. The result of the research shows that the Government of Aceh has involved many stakeholders in peace keeping activities in Aceh. One of the contemporary approach is by engaging women role as the peace agent. However, many women hesitated to candidate them selves as the Tuha Peut members, as they think that the role is belongs to men.