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Construction sector productivity is substantial significance for the government and policymakers because it creates a competitive industry environment as well as determines a nation's expectancy. Addressing the factors influencing productivity especially in Green Construction Project (GCP) is essential and its significantly need to align with the target goal in Malaysia Green Technology Master Plan (2017–2030). In lieu to the scenario, this research aims to identify the important factors affecting the productivity of GCP, by evaluating the criticality factors that may contribute to project productivity. Based on the previous studies, five (5) key component factors were identified with a total of forty-four (44) associated items. The key component factors can be broadly categorized into i) Project, ii) Manpower, iii) Management, iv) Technical and v) External aspect. These factors with their associated items, are then used to develop questionnaire survey to gather data. The Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was employed to the collected data which emphasize to the five (5) component factors with forty-four (44) items affecting green construction productivity with the total variance percentage is 72.113%. Each of the components consists of at least seven (7) variables, so the components complied with the requirement that each component must have at least three variables. According to the findings, the KOM (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy) is 9, which is very similar to 1. Each factor loading variable is greater than 0.4 indicating that all components satisfied the Factor Analysis rule. The highest Eigenvalue is on Project Factors (18.175), and the lowest is External Factors (1.154). It is important to understand all key factors affecting the construction productivity, so that the industry practitioners can effectively strategies a plan to improve the productivity in GCP, for prompt delivery of construction projects with lower cost, higher quality and remarking sustainability.

The construction industry is one of the most important industries because of its end product, such as schools, hospitals, and roads. This industry contributes to social and economic development by providing buildings for other sectors' usage. Nevertheless, despite these contributions, the construction industry also has issues related to construction wastes, which need to be resolved. Hence, Lean Construction (LC) approach is a useful technique that traditionally converged on minimizing construction waste. LC is an approach based on lean production that emphasizes minimally invasive and maximally profitable production. This paper's primary purpose is to explore the usage of LC in the Malaysian construction industry (MCI). This paper aims to identify LC implementation issues, determine the impact of LC implementation, and recommend enhancing the LC implementation in the MCI. Data was obtained from G7 contractors registered with the Construction Industry Development Board of Malaysia (CIDB) by distributing questionnaire surveys, and the response rate was 20%. Through the descriptive analysis, it can be concluded that most of the respondents agreed with lack of knowledge was the major issue that occurred during the LC implementation in the MCI. Furthermore, the respondents agreed that LC positively impacted the LC practitioners' organization by encouraging them to undertake construction materials appropriately without wasting them and improving handling the site's resources. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the government should introduce this LC as a policy in managing a construction site, and LC practitioners should implement the best construction practices to obtain the best results. Additionally, it is also suggested that the industry educate the construction workforce on implementing this LC concept and create more ongoing seminars or training to upgrade their knowledge, skills, techniques, and processes. This research's outcomes play an essential role in reducing the gap between the theory and implementation practices of LC in the MCI. Thus, this LC is hoped that future construction projects in the MCI can produce a better quality of end products towards a better quality of life.

The Urban development and demands in the construction industry and the increasing population numbers have positively contributed to the rising waste generation. The growth and expansion of construction activities enhanced the problem of waste generation on construction sites. In the Malaysian construction industry, there is a pressing issue of minimising construction waste, which causes significant impacts on the environment. Malaysia is moving towards better construction waste management; however, there is still insufficient collection and improper construction waste disposal in projects site. Practices to reduce, reuse, or recycle waste have not yet achieved widespread implementation due to the cost incurred in handling and transporting the physical waste to the dumpsite. Thus, adopting an Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been one alternative to the conventional construction method to reduce construction waste. The research aim is to compare site waste management practices between conventional and IBS projects. The research examines the types of site waste generated from construction project activities, the types of site waste management practices, and the cost involved in managing site waste. The research methodology used qualitative research and used a case study approach. The data is gained from semi- structured interviews with conventional and IBS contractors in Malaysia. The analysis is based on cross-case analysis and pattern matching. Findings from semi-structured interviews based on six comparative case studies revealed that there are some differences between the types of site waste generate by the conventional and IBS projects due to some causes such as improper storage and wrong handling material. Adopting an IBS can greatly minimize construction waste, saving the cost of materials, and improve the environmental performance for overall site conditions. This research shows that the government should play an important role by encourage all the construction company to implement IBS as the new way in minimizing the construction waste.

Despite their minor position within the architectural industry, interior designers play a significant role in the national economy. In compliance with the Architect Rule, the present Interior Design Institution (MIID) in Malaysia is governed by the LAM. The interior designers are keen to comply effectively with this new legislation in the interior design. The interior design process is somewhat close to the architecture process, which typically consists of three key phases of the entire design. The interior design professionals carry out interior design work in accordance with the case and practice the principles in their own way and in their own structures. This leads to the variety of stages, processes and work structures that pose problems, consequences and impacts for stakeholders, in particular the client and the interior designer themselves. This helps the workflow and the interior project delivery process to be streamlined. The objectives are to determine the flow, process, scope and elements of the indoor project delivery practice, to make the scope and elements of the indoor project delivery work process compatible with the other work practice plan, as well as to make a proposal on the indoor design work development plan. The qualitative approach to the research involves the use of systematic literature review, content analysis on interior design, project process practice from approved documentation and related documents, and a series of interviews with members of the interior project team and stakeholders, triangulation and confirmation. This analysis will provide useful information to the client, interior designers themselves and those involved in the project. The IDWDP framework may eliminate job interruptions, task management, clashing of works, and coordination of work.