Suchergebnisse

In the paper were analyzed the wine market in the European Union. The basic data source is Global Trade Atlas, in the time interval from 2010 to 2012. The wine production in the European Union is around 164 thousand hectolitres. In export structure dominate the bottled wines (67.9%), and then follow the wine in bulk (22.7%), the lowest share is of the sparkling wine with 9.4%. The largest wine export has been directed to USA market (23.3%), and then follows the Russian Federation (16.3%) and China (9.9%). The biggest wine exporter in the European Union is Italy, then Spain and France. The European Union represents compellingly the biggest world wine importer, while the average import amounted 13.607.000 hectolitres. In import structure dominate the wine in bulk (57.2%), then the bottled wines (41.7%), while the lowest share has the sparkling wines, with share of totally one percentage. The largest import is from Australia (25.3%), then Chile (21.6%) and South-African Republic (20.3%). The biggest importer is Germany, and then follows Great Britain and France. The European Union has a positive balance of wine foreign trade exchange, approximately over six thousand hectolitres. In the following period can be expected a trend of export growth from the Union, but with significantly more moderate tempo, owing to a notable saturation of the international market.

The negotiations of the Republic of Macedonia to join the European Union imposed an established strong system of intellectual property and their implementation in practice. Although the country has had a progress in the harmonization of the legal system, still there is low awareness of the economic benefits of protecting intellectual property rights (IPR), particularly in the agri-food sector. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the importance of IPR protection and experience of some Balkan and EU countries in terms of IPR enforcement, with particular reference to agro- food sector. The situation regarding IPR protection varies considerably in different countries. In Republic of Macedonia, the interest in protecting different IPR is related to the structure of production capacity. The previous experience in the domestic market shown that usually the larger and more successful agri - food enterprises pay more attention to the protection of IPR, thus constantly investing in marketing and product differentiation. Small enterprices often faced financial barriers and low budgets allocated for marketing and therefore the commitment to IPR is commonly viewed as an investment that engages additional costs.