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Abstract. In his comment on our work, Ray misinterprets our conclusions and contradicts himself on the issue of working class authoritarianism. His suggestion that the directiveness scale measures authoritarianism must be seriously questioned. His methods of validation of this concept are insufficient. The Adorno et al. F‐scale has been shown to be a potential fascism scale (Meloen et al., 1988), whereas there is no such evidence for Ray's directiveness scale. Suggestions are offered that may clarify the controversy around Lipset's thesis on working class authoritarianism.

Abstract. Dekker and Ester's (1987) position regarding working class authoritarianism, using Wright's (1979, 1985) neo‐marxist class‐conceptualization, is challenged. It is shown in replication that Wright's class concepts are only weakly and non‐linearly related to 'class‐proxies'such as income, wealth, educational level and subjective social class. Thus there is reason for doubt regarding the validity of Wright's class‐concept, which might be partly responsible for the weak associations found with authoritarianism and authoritarian attitudes. Nevertheless, we found that Dekker and Ester's (1987) hypotheses 1 and 2 cannot be rejected: the working class is somewhat more authoritarian than all other classes combined. We maintain that the well‐known relatively strong relationship between educational level and authoritarianism remains of major theoretical and social relevance.

Dekker and Ester's (1987) position regarding working class authoritarianism, using Wright's (1979,1985) neo-marxist class conceptualization, is challenged. Nevertheless, their hypotheses 1 and 2 cannot be rejectd: the working class is somewhat more authoritarian than all other classes combined. Maintains that the well-known relatively strong relationship between educational level and authoritarianism remains of major theoretical and social relevance. Includes a reply by Dekker and Ester. (Abstract amended)

Using the reconceptualization of class concept developed by Eric Olin Wright (Classes, London: Verso, 1985), the assertion by P. Dekker & P. Ester that the working class is not more authoritarian than other classes (eg, see SA 36:2/88T4138) is tested, based on analysis of survey data collected from the Dutch electorate between 1975 & 1980. In Wright's reconceptualization, ownership of the means of production, capitalist manner of production, & differences in educational level are used to formulate 12 classes. Results do not support Dekker's & Ester's assertion, & also indicate that class divisions are neither empirically nor theoretically sound. 4 Tables, 15 References. A. Cole

The claim by C. P. Middendorp & J. D. Meloen (see SA 38:4/90V8213) that the working class is more authoritarian than other classes is contested on the basis of contended inaccuracies in the primary measure of authoritarianism. It is argued that the California F scale fails to predict authoritarian behavior; at best, it predicts old-fashioned behavior. The "directiveness" scale, which indicates a relation between authoritarianism & higher classes, is cited as a more valid measure of authoritarian behavior. 31 References. L. Baker