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Berita tentang kemerdekaan 17 Agustus 1945 telah sampai di pemerintahan kesultanan Bulungan. Akan tetapi kesultanan Bulungan tidak bisa menentukan sikap, sebab segala bentuk keamanan baik sipil maupun militer telah dikuasai oleh NICA (Belanda). Pihak Belanda kembali menanamkan pengaruh kekuasaanya di wilayah Kesultanan Bulungan. Adapun upaya dari pihak NICA (Belanda) untuk menandingi negara Republik Indonesia dengan membentuk suatu bentuk tatanan pemerintahan baru yakni berbentuk federal yang terdiri atas wilayah Kalimantan dan Timur Besar bernama RIS (Republik Indonesia Serikat). Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut : Mengapa Sultan Bulungan lebih memilih bergabung dengan pihak Republik Indonesia dibandingkan pihak Belanda dan bagaimana strategi kebijakan politik Sultan Bulungan terhadap pemerintah RI dan pemerintah Belanda. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan alasan mengapa Sultan Bulungan lebih memilih bergabung dengan Pemerintah RI dibandingkan pihak Belanda dan menjelaskan bagaimana strategi kebijakan politik yang diambil Sultan Bulungan terhadap pemerintah RI dan Belanda. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yaitu, heuristik, kritik sumber, Interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian yang dapat diperoleh adalah Kesultanan Bulungan memutuskan berpihak kepada RI sebab sikap kesewenang-wenangan Belanda dalam setiap pengambilan kebijakan lebih banyak merugikan Kesultanan Bulungan. Pungutan pajak memberatkan masyarakat, hingga menimbulkan pergolakan sebagai bentuk protes terhadap Belanda. Sehingga pada masa mempertahankan kemerdekaan dari ancaman Belanda yang membentuk negara federal, pada periode tahun 1945-1949 Sultan mengambil langkah poltik Diplomasi dan Politik Bermuka Dua terhadap pemerintah RI dan Belanda, yang pada akhirnya politik tersebut berhasil menghantarkan Kesultanan Bulungan pada keputusan mendukung Republik Indonesia. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan dilangsungkannya upacara kemerdekaan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1949 dan dikibarkannya bendera Merah Putih di depan halaman istana dan disaksikan oleh seluruh masyarakat Kesultanan Bulungan. Kata kunci: Kesultanan Bulungan, Politik, Setrategi

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menepis pandangan terkait multikulturalisme dan politik identitas yang sering dipandang sebagai dua hal yang saling berlawanan dan memiliki posisi yang berbeda. Melalui studi kepustakaan dengan analisis buku, tulisan ini ingin menjawab bahwa makna dan tujuan multikulturalisme dan politik identitas adalah untuk mempersatukan bangsa Indonesia yang modern, kuat, demokratis, dan makmur sesuai amanah undang-undang. Kesalahpahaman terkait kedua istilah ini dapat menimbulkan di kursus yang menjadi penyebab konflik di tengah masyarakat. Hasil tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa multikulturalisme hadir sebagai respons dari keberagaman budaya serta sikap toleransi yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Secara rinci tulisan ini terbagi ke dalam dua bagian penting. Pertama, makna dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam menjelaskan multikulturalisme. Kedua, model respons dan perdebatan terhadap multikulturalisme dan politik identitas yang mampu merawat perbedaan dari sentimen serta dampak negatif bagi keutuhan keberagaman di Indonesia. Politik identitas harus dijaga agar sejalan dengan keberagaman Indonesia yang kaya akan budaya, ras, suku, dan bahasa demi menjaga persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa.

Tulisan ini merupakan kajian literatur mengenai politik seksualitas dan dinamika humanisasi dalam terminologi seks yang merupakan bentuk penegasan terkait keberadaan seksualitas yang beragam tetapi juga membutuhkan pengaturan dari berbagai perspektif. Hal ini didasarkan pada politik seksualitas yang sering kali digunakan sebagai analisis utama dan pengaruhnya terhadap rezim di dunia selatan yang dipengaruhi oleh ideologi liberal. Tulisan ini secara rinci terbagi ke dalam beberapa bagian dalam melihat dinamika politik seksualitas. Perspektif sosio-politik yakni menjelaskan mengenai gerakan yang berhasil menembus politik arus utama dengan kehadiran Queer yang cukup solid. Kedua, penyesuaian dan penggunaan kata Queer ke dalam praktek Kyrgyztani mengenai gender dan pembangkangan seksual. Serta pembahasan mengenai seksualitas pribumi atau masyarakat adat yang menolak penaklukan dan terjemahan. Seksualitas pribumi menentang kerangka kerja LGBT dan Queer kontemporer. Tulisan ini diakhiri dengan pandangan terkait kekerasan dan diskriminasi berdasarkan identitas gender dan juga orientasi seksual seseorang. Politik seksualitas mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat dan menjadi semakin global sejak pergantian abad ke dua puluh satu. Perluasan seksualitas global adalah upaya rumit yang dapat memberikan kebebasan dan mendatangkan penindasan. Namun didukung oleh proyek asing dan komunitas pendonor dengan dalih atas alasan kemanusiaan.

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan upaya mitigasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah sebagai bentuk perlindungan dan penanganan terhadap pekerja migran yang terdampak pandemi. Data yang disajikan dalam tulisan ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan Koordinator BP2MI Entikong, Kepala Imigrasi Entikong, dan juga Staf Pos Lintas Batas Negara di Entikong. Hasil dari tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kerja sama lintas sektoral baik dari pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, dan kabupaten kota dalam memitigasi dan memberikan perlindungan terhadap pekerja migran Indonesia. Dalam perspektif politik, pemerintah menetapkan tiga langkah strategis untuk memitigasi covid-19 yang dapat berdampak terhadap pekerja migran Indonesia. Sedangkan dari perspektif hak asasi manusia, pemerintah pusat dan daerah memberikan perlindungan yang meliputi sebelum bekerja, ketika bekerja, dan setelah selesai bekerja.

Revitalisasi pasar tradisional di Kota Semarang dicanangkan Pemerintah dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) 2011-2015. Pasar Sampangan adalah salah satu pasar tradisional yang termasuk dalam program revitalisasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Dalam memperoleh data, peneliti menggunakan alat penelitian wawancara dengan informan penelitian adalah pedagang dan pengelola Pasar Sampangan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pedagang menanggapi positif dan negatif pasca Pasar Sampangan direvitalisasi. Positif dalam hal pembangunan pasar, dan negatif ketika mempengaruhi penurunan pendapatan pedagang. Dampak sosial yang dirasa berdampak positif yaitu pedagang menjaga hubungan baik dengan pedagang lain, aparat maupun pembeli pasca revitalisasi, dan tidak memiliki dampak negatif dalam aspek sosial. Dampak ekonomi yang dirasakan pedagang berdampak negatif yaitu terjadi penurunan pendapatan pedagang pasca revitalisasi, dan tidak memiliki dampak positif dalam aspek ekonomi. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah masih adanya pro dan kontra yang harus diperbaiki agar program revitalisasi pasar berjalan baik. Revitalization of traditional markets in Semarang City Government announced in the Medium Term Development Plan (RPJMD) 2011-2015. Sampangan market is one of the traditional markets that are included in the revitalization program. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method with descriptive approach. In obtaining the data, researchers using research tools interviews with informants research is Sampangan Market traders and managers. The results of this study are traders respond to positive and negative post Sampangan Market revitalized. Positive in terms of market development, and negative when it affects the revenue decline merchant. Social impact is felt positively impact the traders to maintain good relations with other merchants, officials and buyers after the revitalization, and has no negative impact on the social aspects. Economic impact negatively impacting traders namely a decline in revenue after the revitalization traders, and do not have a positive impact on the economic aspects. The conclusion of this study is still the pros and cons that must be corrected in order to revitalize the program went well.

This article discusses the implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in education. The purpose of this article is to know the efforts made by the company to improve the quality of human resources (HR) through its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the aspects of education, and motivation for other companies to come along to run its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in education to help the public interest. In this article describes the company that runs the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on the educational aspects. This is done in order to give birth to the quality of human resources (HR) qualified in Indonesia through education. The data is taken from secondary data in the form of the theory, the definition and substance of the literature, and legislation.Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Education, Human Resources (HR)

This paper is aims to answer how Henry Dunant Centre (HDC) and Crisis Management Initiatives (CMI) can be engaged to facilitate the settlement of the conflict in Aceh between the Indonesian government and GAM. In international relations, the role of official diplomacy or first track diplomacy is not always successful in resolving conflicts, especially internal conflicts. Therefore, internal conflicts are usually resolved not through official institutions but by international non-governmental organization (NGO) known as un-official diplomacy or track two diplomacies. Flexibility and neutral nature make NGO becomes easier to be involved and accepted by all parties without being tied to the protocol or the fear of lack of recognition in sovereignty and legitimacy. NGO focus full concentration to the problems he was facing made him better able to understand the problems and relatively unencumbered by limitation of time. The risk faced when facilitating or mediating role he did fail was not too heavy, for the NGO itself and for the parties involved in the conflict. It became reason why HDC and CMI more accepted as third party actor to resolve internal conflict than any other official actors. By using peacemaking as framework of conflict resolution offered by Johan Galtung, this paper shown HDC and CMI successfully held some mediation and negotiation between GAM and RI in January 2005 by brings the result with the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) GAM and Government of the Republic of Indonesia in August 2005. The signing of MoU draft is an achievement that very important and essential for conflict resolution in Aceh.

The purpose of this article is to show the impact caused by the Minimum Wage on the National economy. approach used In avoiding the exploitation of labor in Indonesia, the government as the highest authority of the country, issues labor regulations. The regulation regulates the Minimum Wage that companies must pay to workers. The minimum wage is a safety device from the government to prevent the exploitation of Indonesian workers. However, many of the Indonesian workers are not aware that the application of the minimum wage is by the decent standard of living set by the government. They do a lot of prosecutions so that the minimum wage they get is always increasing. If analyzed, the demand for rising minimum wages will also harm the nation's economy. In other words, that the government policy regarding minimum wages, which had wanted to protect labor exploitation, if not implemented properly, would adversely affect the economic development of thecommunity.

Numerous government bodies continue to experience difficulties in accounting for historical assets. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the identification, quantification, presentation, and disclosure of historical assets, particularly the Situs Watu Gong in Malang, East Java. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the concept of identifying, measuring, presenting, and also exposing historical assets through the use of a qualitative technique and a case study at the Situs Watu Gong. The data collection approaches used were observation, interviewing, and documentation. As a result of this investigation, it was determined that the manager of the Situs Watu Gong did not properly account for previous assets. The manager of the Situs Watu Gong should have valued historical assets at cost and measured them using the cost technique. Historic assets are classed as fixed assets and are not included in PPE (Plant, Property, and Equipment) on the balance sheet.

The number of available health facilities raises the question of whether they are able to provide the best medical services and can be accessed by all levels of society. In this case, the government, the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders are required to provide uniform health facilities throughout Indonesia. Therefore, this article provides a review of the factors that affect access to health services in Indonesia. This research method uses a Systematic review research method. Systematic review research is a way in the research process to find the best results from previous research to systematically search the literature and then analyze and conclude data from the results of literature data analysis to answer problems effectively, and significantly. The data that has been collected from the data collection method is then processed and combined to obtain an explanation regarding the factors that affect access to health services in Indonesia. The results of the study based on systematic articles that have been carried out access to health is influenced by a person's gender, distance from home to health care facilities, transportation costs, domicile, community views on health, service quality, income and insight. ; Banyaknya fasilitas kesehatan yang tersedia, menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah mereka mampu memberikan pelayanan medis terbaik dan dapat diakses semua lapisan masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, pemerintah, Kementerian Kesehatan dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya dituntut untuk menyediakan fasilitas kesehatan yang seragam di seluruh Indonesia. Oleh karena itu artikel ini memberikan ulasan mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi akses pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia. Cara Penelitian ini dengan metode penelitian systematic review. Penelitian Systematic review merupakan sebuah cara dalam proses penelitian untuk menemukan hasil terbaik dari penelitian terdahulu untuk mencari literatur secara sistematis lalu di analisi dan disimpulkan data dari hasil analisis data literatur untuk menjawab permasalahan secara ...

Animation technology until now has always experienced rapid development, especially in developed countries that have technology that is considered very advanced and qualified with the quality of its human resources. Currently the animation industry in developed countries continues to progress in creating extraordinary animation works so that the whole world can experience their works, including in Indonesia. Indonesia also has its own animation industry, although in terms of quality it is not comparable to developed countries such as in America and Europe, but animation in Indonesia is currently experiencing development. In Indonesia, animation education tends to be lacking, therefore the current government wants to develop and advance the animation education sector, which is currently dominated by foreign animation on Indonesian television. For this reason, animation education facilities are needed to hone and create a young generation who has superior quality in the field of animation. This animation vocational education facility project aims to develop and hone the younger generation to achieve their goals in the industry, which is currently still relatively small by opening an educational facility that focuses on the field of animation. In designing this animation education facility project, the school's architectural typology design method was applied as a basis based on function, especially in producing the organization of space and building form in order to be able to answer rethinking about the typology of school buildings, especially Animation Vocational Education in Jakarta. In addition, it also applies the Eco Industrial design method to building design. Keywords: animation industry; technology; school typology AbstrakTeknologi animasi hingga saat ini selalu mengalami perkembangan yang pesat, terutama di negara-negara maju yang memiliki teknologi yang terbilang sangat maju dan mumpuni dengan kualitas sumber daya manusia-Nya. Saat ini industri animasi di negara maju terus mengalami kemajuan dalam ...

Numerous government bodies continue to experience difficulties in accounting for historical assets. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the identification, quantification, presentation, and disclosure of historical assets, particularly the Situs Watu Gong in Malang, East Java. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the concept of identifying, measuring, presenting, and also exposing historical assets through the use of a qualitative technique and a case study at the Situs Watu Gong. The data collection approaches used were observation, interviewing, and documentation. As a result of this investigation, it was determined that the manager of the Situs Watu Gong did not properly account for previous assets. The manager of the Situs Watu Gong should have valued historical assets at cost and measured them using the cost technique. Historic assets are classed as fixed assets and are not included in PPE (Plant, Property, and Equipment) on the balance sheet.

As an intermediary institution, the banking industry plays a critical function in the economy. Unpredictable conditions such as disease pandemic, exemplified from the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak, result in loss to the banking industry due to the weakening of the national economy. In the future, then, the banking industry requires early preventive action for a similar case through specific risk mitigation towards disease pandemic. This paper aims to discuss the urgency of the risk mitigation towards the pandemic in the banking industry, following the risk mitigation scheme in facing the pandemic with its relevant regulation. This paper shows that the pandemic's responsive risk mitigation has become essential to strengthen the banking's intermediary function and performance during the pandemic. The existing risk mitigation regulation solely relates to the non-performing loan in normal conditions. In the meantime, disease pandemic like COVID-19 is excluded because it is beyond the normal situation. Its adverse impact has leveraged more significant extent due to emergency conditions. In case of a disease pandemic, the bank can soon take early preventive action before the pandemic strikes within the domestic territory without waiting for central government-specific regulation, but it should. However, it remains practiced under the relevant laws. KEYWORDS:Risk Mitigation, Disease Pandemic, COVID-19, Banking Industry, Indonesia.