Suchergebnisse

The fall of the Iron Curtain liberated the great migratory potential of Central and and became the main factor for a profound transformation of the patterns of geographical mobility. In addition, those migratory patterns were also affected since 2004 by the accession to the European Union of eight former socialist countries. This article describes the evolution of the international mobility of the population of Central and Eastern Europe, in the economic and political context of defined by the two above-mentioned historical events. ; La caída del Telón de Acero liberó un gran potencial migratorio de las poblaciones de Europa Central y Oriental y fue el principal factor de una profunda transformación de las pautas de movilidad geográfica. Otro hecho histórico que ha tenido una importancia fundamental en la configuración de las nuevas tendencias migratorias en Central y Oriental fue la adhesión de los ocho antiguos países socialistas a la Unión Europea en 2004. El propósito de este artículo es describir la evolución de las pautas de movilidad internacional de las poblaciones de Europa Central y situándolas en el contexto político y económico marcado por los dos sucesos mencionados.

El artículo analiza la relación entre la participación en los nichos étnicos y lamovilidad socio-ocupacional de los inmigrantes polacos en la Comunidadde Madrid. El estudio combina las técnicas de análisis cuantitativos ycualitativos basándose en los datos recogidos en una encuesta y enentrevistas en profundidad. Los resultados ponen de manifi esto que lospolacos se concentran en dos específi cos nichos étnicos: los varones en laconstrucción y las mujeres en el servicio doméstico en régimen por horas.En este contexto, la movilidad socio-ocupacional está fuertementediferenciada en razón de género dependiendo de la distribución de lospapeles productivos y reproductivos entre varones y mujeres dentro de loshogares así como de las estructuras de oportunidad existentes dentro decada nicho étnico.

The objective of this article is to determine the extent to which the evolution of religiosity in Spain and Poland in their post-democratic transition periods has been affected by the process of generational replacement. For Spain data are drawn from several surveys carried out by the Spanish Centre for Sociological Studies (CIS) between 1980 and 1996. For Poland the data come from the Polish General Social Survey and ISSP covering 1992–2008. Results show two radically different patterns of religious change. The fall in religious practice in Spain observed throughout the first 16 years after the political transition was due mostly to the inter-cohort change that affects each new generation born after 1950. In the case of Poland, post-transition change is less marked and due mainly to decline in religious practice on the individual level. The study also observes that the cohorts of Poles born during and after the fall of communism are significantly less religious than older cohorts.

Intro -- Foreword -- Contents -- Contributors -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: EU Migration and the Economic Crisis: Concepts and Issues -- 1.1 Introduction: South-North EU Migration in (Post-)Crisis Europe -- 1.2 Conceptualizing Crises and Migration -- 1.3 Migration Flows in Times of Crisis and the Resulting Policy Responses -- 1.4 New Migration, New Controversies and New Responses -- 1.5 Structure of the Book -- References -- Chapter 2: From International Migration to Freedom of Movement and Back? Southern Europeans Moving North in the Era of Retrenchment of Freedom of Movement Rights -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 South-North Mobility in the Postwar Europe: Guest Workers on Old Migratory Routes -- 2.3 The Archaeology of European Freedom of Movement: From International Migrants to Freemovers -- 2.4 Freedom of Movement, No More? Political Contestation of Freedom of Movement in Times of Crisis and How It Affects Southern European en route to Northern Europe -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Immobility in Times of Crisis? The Case of Greece -- 3.1 Socio-economic Situation in Greece -- 3.2 Migratory Dynamics and Volume of Emigration Flows -- 3.3 Public Discourses and Policy Responses on New Migration -- 3.3.1 Discourse on New Migration -- 3.3.2 Policy Initiatives for the New Migrants -- 3.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Emigration from Italy After the Crisis: The Shortcomings of the Brain Drain Narrative -- 4.1 A Quantitative Approach to Crisis-Induced Emigration from Italy -- 4.1.1 Current Economic and Social Situation -- 4.1.2 Migratory Dynamics Before and During the Economic Crisis -- 4.1.3 Main Trends in the Current Emigration -- 4.1.3.1 Main Destination Countries -- 4.2 Policies and Debates -- 4.2.1 Public Discourse After the Crisis -- 4.2.2 Political Initiatives -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References.

In this article, we examine migration as one strategy used by Southern European EU citizens in reaction to the global financial and economic crisis. First of all, we will present the main sociodemographic characteristics of these new migrants and demonstrate how they resemble or differ from preceding EU South-North migratory waves. Then we will discuss the political response adopted by southern and northern EU Member States in reaction to these new flows. And we will finish with a series of conclusions that this migratory episode allows us to reach regarding the EU's management of migratory issues with third countries. ; Peer reviewed

Affectés par une instabilité financière durable, un taux de chômage élevé et une dégradation sévère de leurs conditions de vie, nombreux parmi les citoyens du sud de l'Europe sont ceux qui ont dû développer une série de stratégies pour répondre à la crise. Dans cet article, nous examinons une stratégie en particulier : la migration du sud vers le nord de l'Union européenne dans le contexte de la crise économique. Tout d'abord, nous présentons les principales caractéristiques sociodémographiques de ces nouveaux migrants et démontrons en quoi ils ressemblent ou non aux précédentes vagues migratoires sud-nord dans l'UE. Ensuite, nous discutons des réponses politiques adoptées par les États membres du sud et du nord de l'UE en réaction à ces nouveaux flux. Nous terminons, enfin, par une série de leçons que cet épisode migratoire nous permet de tirer au sujet de la gestion de la question migratoire par l'Union européenne avec les États tiers ; Peer reviewed

This paper studies the relationships between immigra- tion and the welfare state in Spain from a triple per- spective. First, the role social bene ts may have had on the Spanish immigrant experience as a pull factor is analysed. The paper goes on to study the way immi- gration can affect the maintenance of the welfare state, investigating both the possible effects of the increased ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity on the support of the national population for the welfare state, as well as its effect on social spending in terms of monetary and health bene ts. Lastly, and changing perspective, the contribution of immigration to the maintenance of the private market for welfare services is assessed, espe- cially in terms of caring for dependents. ; Este trabajo estudia las relaciones existentes entre in- migración y Estado de bienestar en España desde una triple perspectiva. En primer lugar, se analiza el papel que las prestaciones sociales hayan podido tener en la experiencia inmigratoria española, como factor de atracción de los inmigrantes. A continuación, se es- tudia de qué manera la inmigración puede afectar al mantenimiento del Estado de bienestar, tanto inves- tigando los posibles efectos del aumento de la diver- sidad étnica, lingüística y cultural sobre el respaldo de la población nacional al Estado de bienestar, como su efecto sobre el gasto social en materia de prestacio- nes monetarias y salud. Por último, y cambiando de perspectiva, se pone en valor la contribución de la inmigración al sostenimiento del mercado privado de servicios de bienestar, especialmente en lo relativo al cuidado a dependientes. ; Peer reviewed

In this introductory chapter, we discuss the concept of "crisis migration" and its relevance to understanding the transformation of migratory flows within Europe as well as the transformation of migration and integration policies in the European Union. This introduction also presents the main issues discussed in this book and briefly introduces each of the chapters that compose this volume. In this chapter, we also underscore the different economic and political context in which this new Southern European migration is occurring in comparison with previous waves from the same area. In particular, we point out that successive enlargements of the EU and their associated migration waves have eroded the support of political elites for the principle of free movement within Northern EU Member States. This changing socio-political context has triggered different reactions among political elites towards these new flows in both sending and receiving countries. ; Peer reviewed

Despite the fact that the global financial crisis has affected Belgium's economic performance, the country has continued to be an attractive destination for migrants. Recently, however, there has been a dramatic change in migrant flows to Belgium, as a result of two phenomena. First and foremost, the country has experienced large inflows of post-accession migration from Central and Eastern European citizens. Second, 40 years after the end of the guest worker programmes, the economic crisis reactivated migration from Southern Europe. One important consequence of the economic crisis and the arrival of Central and Eastern European migrants has been the growing scepticism that has developed in Belgium towards the freedom of circulation. This has led the authorities to implement specific policies aimed at discouraging further migration of low-skilled EU migrants, who are deemed undesirable. In this chapter, we analyse a specific policy consisting of the removal of residence permits from EU jobseekers who claim social security benefits in Belgium. This policy has affected both Central and Eastern European as well as new Southern European EU migrants.Examining the mobilization of different organizations, we then show that—while they are numerically fewer—new Southern European immigrants are in a better position than other new immigrants in Belgium to challenge receiving country policies that target them. ; Peer reviewed

In this chapter, we identify five lessons from South-North migration in times of crisis, which we believe should inform future migration debates in the European Union. We draw these lessons from this volume's analysis on the transformations of migration flows and policies during the economic crisis. Beyond the role of this crisis, however, we argue that these transformations also need to be understood in relation to long-term processes that preceded the crisis, such as post-accession East-West migration and the increased segmentation of European labour markets. ; Peer reviewed

Introduction This open access book looks at the migration of Southern European EU citizens (from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Greece) who move to Northern European Member States (Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom) in response to the global economic crisis.Its objective is twofold. First, it identifies the scale and nature of this new Southern European emigration and examines these migrants' socio-economic integration in Northern European destination countries. This is achieved through an analysis of the most recent data on flows and profiles of this new labour force using sending-country and receiving-country databases. Second, it looks at the politics and policies of immigration, both from the perspective of the sending- and receiving-countries. Analysing the policies and debates about these new flows in the home and host countries' this book shows how contentious the issue of intra-EU mobility has recently become in the context of the crisis when the right for EU citizens to move within the EU had previously not been questioned for decades. Overall, the strength of this edited volume is that it compiles in a systematic way quantitative and qualitative analysis of these renewed Southern European migration flows and draws the lessons from this changing climate on EU migration. "This is the book that the new South-North European migrations of the turbulent crisis years were demanding. It is timely, geographically and contextually comprehensive, empirically rich, and conceptually and analytically ambitious. A true tour de force." Joaquín Arango, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain "The retrenchment of rights of freedom of movement, and the ongoing re-nationalisation of European space, poses crucial issues for the future of Europe. In this well-conceived collection of new research on South-North intra-EU migration, we understand how and why these migrants are some of the pioneers of a more integrated and equal continent. Yet, in the re-surfacing South-isms and East-isms of national politics – including growing hostility to Romanians, Greeks, Turks, or even Spanish and Italians – we may be witnessing the end of the idea of Europe as a united geo-political project." Adrian Favell, University of Leeds, UK

This presentation discusses the challenges met in measuring the flows of Southern European EU migrants who moved to North Western Europe during the financial and economic crisis that started in 2008. The presentation shows that EU wide and national databases have strenghts and weaknesses and that further improvement in statistical data collection process could help the understanding of complex migratory patterns. More details is available on this research by downloading the free e-bbok at the following address: http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319397610

This article provides insight into the determinants of occupational mobility recorded for immigrants between their last job in the region of origin and their first job in Spain. Multinomial and bivariate logistic regression models are applied to identify the strongest predictors of upward and downward mobility when immigrants move from one country's labour market to another. This study's empirical analysis was carried out using data from the Spanish National Immigrant Survey of 2007. Our results show that ethnic segmentation in the Spanish labour market negatively affects the occupational mobility of immigrants. Secondly, we observe that non EU15 immigrants are at higher risk of downward mobility. Thirdly, higher levels of education offer protection against downward mobility and increase the chance for upgrading. Finally, contrary to our predictions, social capital embedded in support received from friends and relatives who reside in the destination country increases the risk of occupational downgrading and reduces the possibility of upward mobility.

AbstractThis study analyses the arrival-cohort effects on the newborn birthweight of Latina women residing in Spain. First, it has been tested whether women of Latin American origin in Spain have an advantage in terms of birth outcomes, a pattern previously documented in the United States and referred to as the 'Latin American paradox'. Second, it has been examined whether this health advantage of Latina mothers varies by arrival cohort.A novel database provided by the Spanish National Statistics Office that links the 2011 Census with Natural Movement of the Population records from January 2011 to December 2015 has been used. Poisson regression models were applied to test for differences in the incidence rates of low birthweight (LBW) and high birthweight (HBW) among children of Latina and native mothers, controlling for various demographic, socio-economic, and birth characteristics.Two distinct arrival-cohort effects on perinatal health were observed. On one hand, first-generation Latina women were found to be at a lower risk of giving birth to LBW infants; however, they experienced a higher incidence of HBW during the study period. Second, Latina women of 1.5 generation, likely stressed by increased exposure to the receiving country, exhibited adverse birthweight results.