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Contents -- About the Author -- Map of the Caribbean -- Acknowledgments: Intellectual Debts and Personal Debts -- 1. Why Study West Indians? -- 2. Documenting the Difference Between West Indians and African Americans -- 3. Three Explanations for the Difference Between West Indians and African Americans -- 4. Testing the Hypothesis of Selectivity -- 5. Testing Cultural Hypotheses -- 6. Testing the White Favoritism Hypothesis -- 7. An Immigrant Success Story -- Methodological Appendix -- Notes -- References -- Index

This paper estimates the net effects of nativity, ethnicity and race on the earnings of Cape Verdean Americans, a small, Afro-European group who speak a Portuguese-based Creole. While in their homeland, most Cape Verdeans identify as mestiço, but in America they are usually perceived as black. The data come from the 2000 US Census and the American Community Survey (2000–2007); Native Born Non-Hispanic Whites and African Americans serve as benchmarks. The results show that, controlling for pre-migration education, foreign birth is not a handicap; indeed, for women it is an advantage. Ethnicity too is never a handicap and occasionally an advantage. Race, on the other hand, penalizes males. Native born Cape Verdean men who identify as "Other", "Black Other" or "Black" earn significantly less than NBNH Whites. On the other hand, regardless of racial identity, Native born Cape Verdean women earn at least as much as NBNH Whites. Finally, one subgroup of native born Cape Verdean men and women, those who identify racially as "Black", earn slightly more than African Americans.

Uses a "queuing theory" perspective to explore whether immigrants with similar backgrounds obtain similar socioeconomic rewards across destinations. Unemployment, Goldthorpe class, & occupational status were compared among eight groups of immigrants living in London, New York, & Toronto. It was hypothesized that immigrant attainment would vary depending on differences in human capital, the opportunity structure, & group membership factors (culture, selectivity, & discrimination). Data were drawn from Canadian & American censuses & a set of British Labour Force Surveys. The results of multivariate analysis showed that foreign-born whites, African Indians, & Chinese men were most likely to have outcomes comparable to native whites in all three cities; however, immigrant women rarely have outcomes comparable to native white women. Some groups do better in New York due to the smaller percentage of whites living in that city; however, favorable outcomes depend upon potential employers ranking them above African Americans. Chinese women are the only female group who benefit from a New York location, & West Indian women fare better in Toronto than in either New York or London. The implications are discussed. 5 Tables, 1 Appendix. J. Lindroth

This paper reviews the recent literature on the determinants of socioeconomic success among immigrants from Europe and East Asia. The survey focuses on the larger, better studied groups and gives particular attention to historically based investigations of their progress. The concluding section emphasizes the need for additional descriptive and explanatory research on the labor market outcomes of ethnic Americans since the Second World War.

This article contributes to the growing literature maintaining that the ethnic enclave represents a distinct, third alternative to a dual economy. The data are interviews with 45 elderly, immigrant blacks, Jews and Italians from New York City. Two facets of the enclave are explored: determinants of job outcomes for employees and factors responsible for entrepreneurial viability. With regard to employees, the analysis shows enclave workers obtain job security and job status equivalent to openings in the primary sector. Investigation of the organization of ethnic entrepreneurship reveals that the mobilization of several factors unique to ethnicity enhances the competitiveness of minority firms.

Although most Italian and Jewish immigrants arrived in the United States during the same turn-of-the-century period, the occupational trajectories of their descendants have been very different. Many writers have emphasized that Jews brought with them urban-industrial experience, entrepreneurial skills, a determination to settle in America, and a reverence for education (Joseph, 1969, orig. 1914; Glazer, 1958). Italians were more often peasants or farm laborers, though their familiarity with commerce and the crafts should not be underestimated (Briggs, 1978; Gabaccia, 1984). Some have also argued that familism and disdain for education further delayed Italian participation in the upgrading of the American occupational structure (Covello, 1972; Child, 1970).