Suchergebnisse

Abstrak Pengisytiharan Turki sebagai sebuah negara republik oleh Mustafa Kemal Ataturk telah membuka laluan kepada proses sekularisasi, khususnya dalam aspek perundangan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses sekularisasi dalam perundangan Turki serta mengenal pasti kesannya terhadap masyarakat. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kajian kepustakaan dan dokumentasi sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Metode analisis kandungan dijalankan ke atas data-data yang diperoleh. Kajian mendapati proses sekularisasi perundangan Turki telah dilakukan sejak era Khilafah Uthmaniyyah dan diteruskan secara lebih agresif pada era Ataturk. Sekularisasi dalam perundangan telah memberi kesan terhadap gaya hidup masyarakat di bandar serta menyumbang kepada konflik polarisasi masyarakat. Justeru, kajian ini menegaskan bahawa sekularisasi dalam perundangan Turki merupakan cerminan kepada kegagalan Ataturk dalam membezakan di antara keperluan untuk maju dengan keperluan bagi memelihara Islam sebagai warisan tradisi Turki. Kata kunci: Khilafah Uthmaniyyah, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, sekularisasi, perundangan Turki, Perlembagaan Turki, polarisasi masyarakat. Abstract The declaration of Turkey as a republic by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk paved the way to the secularization process, especially in legal aspect. This study aims to examine the process of secularization in Turkish legislation and its impacts on society. This study was conducted through library research and documentation methods for the data collection. Content analysis method was carried out on those data. The study found that the secularization process of Turkish legislation was done since the era of the Ottoman Caliphate, and the process was continued aggressively during Ataturk era. Secularization in Turkish legislation has affected the lifestyleof urban people and contributed to the polarization of society. This study argues that the secularization in Turkish legislation was a reflection of Ataturk's failure to distinguish between the necessities of modernization with the need to preserve Islam as a heritage of Turkish tradition. Keywords: Ottoman Caliphate, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, secularization, Turkish legislation, Constitution of Turkey, polarization of society.

This article discusses the contribution of Syarif Hidayatullah in spreading Islam in the West of Jawa, Indonesia. This research is qualitative and historical studies. Existence of historical facts through text, structure, and culture became a reference in the study. The purpose of this paper is to describe the contributions related to the spread of Islam by Syarif Hidayatullah. Indication of his contribution in the spreading Islam was visible from some areas within the society. His contribution includes in the area of social, economic, cultural, artistic, spatial (dealing with space) and political. Syarif Hidayatullah treasures contribution in public life can be noticed when it has a strong influence on the development of the society in various fields. The essence of his activism is how the spread of Islam can thrive through the changes that happened within the society which inspire changes in various fields, especially in this Nusantara region.

This relationship between Sufism and politics presents itself at the heart of an emerging Western interest in Sufi political development. Western institutions have identified Tasawwuf as viable option for shaping all forms of cooperation and understanding with the Muslim world. Such a choice however, stems from factual realities shown in the practice of some Sufi schools and historical developments. This inquiry seeks to explore the historical context of Sufism in relation to political engagement while elucidating its course of interaction as a demonstration of its very values and ideals. This paper also examines some of the similarities and differences between the attitudes of classical and contemporary Sufi practices vis- à-vis political life, and evaluates the evidences of both the current approaches to and interpretation of the position of Sufism in today's world. This research demonstrates the partial interpretation that favours a particular trend pertaining to Sufism and politics, and suggests that the defiant and politically active interpretation of Tasawwuf is by large the dominant and historically consistent current in Sufi thought and practice.

The emergence of Islamic banking system in most banks in Malaysia nowadays bring a new era in Malaysian banking industry. This article discusses the needs for official sharia compliance audit institution to protect customers of Islamic banking. By using literature studies, this article concludes that one of the contributing factors which lead people to adopt Islamic banking system is their awareness of the serious and intolerable prohibition of riba. Some of the ways to ensure customers are well protected are to establish ḥisba institution as Sharia compliance audit body. The establishment of ḥisba institution allows it to stop the violation of Allah's prohibition and protect the society. With the establishment of the institution, it can play an important role to solicit advice and to monitor performance so that the banks operate strictly as according to the Islamic regulations.

Abstract The Indian subcontinent is one of the first regions into which Islam entered since the era of the Righteous Caliphs. The Indian territory also witnessed the advancement of Islamic civilization due to the emergence of Islamic powers in the area. Nevertheless, the historical accounts of Islam's entry into India which focused more on futuhat (Islamic expansion) movements gave rise to the view that Islam came to the region only through expansionist policies. In light of those, this study aims to examine Islam's expansion into India and its impact on the geopolitics of the region. In general, this study used a qualitative research method via approaches of historical study and content analysis in collecting and analyzing information from the relevant primary and secondary sources. The findings of the study showed that the spread of Islam into the Indian territory was achieved via two ways, namely by trade and by futuhat. The wise approach and good conduct of Muslim preachers, traders and armies towards the local communities enabled the spread of Islam to India. Furthermore, India was also host to the emergence of a number of Islamic kingdoms, beginning from the Ghaznavid dominion to the emergence of the Mughal Kingdom. Keywords: Futuhat, Umayyad-era India, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, Arab-Indian trade, Islamic military history Abstrak Wilayah India merupakan antara kawasan yang awal menerima Islam, iaitu sejak era Khulafa' al-Rashidin. Wilayah India turut menyaksikan perkembangan tamadun Islam disebabkan kemunculan kuasa Islam di kawasan berkenaan. Namun begitu, naratif sejarah kemasukan Islam ke India yang lebih tertumpu kepada gerakan futuhat telah menimbulkan pandangan bahawa Islam datang ke wilayah tersebut hanya melalui futuhat. Sehubungan itu, makalah ini bertujuan meneliti kemasukan ke India dan impaknya terhadap geopolitik di wilayah berkenaan. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif menerusi pendekatan kajian sejarah dan analisis kandungan dalam mengumpul serta menganalisis maklumat daripada sumber-sumber utama dan sekunder yang relevan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kemasukan Islam ke wilayah India ialah menerusi dua cara, iaitu perdagangan dan futuhat. Pendekatan berhikmah dan layanan baik daripada golongan pendakwah, pedagang dan tentera Islam terhadap masyarakat tempatan telah memungkinkan penyebaran Islam ke India. Tambahan pula, India turut menjadi tapak kemunculan kerajaan-kerajaan Islam yang lain, bermula dari penguasaan Kerajaan Ghaznawi hingga kemunculan Kerajaan Mughal. Kata kunci: Futuhat, India era Umawi, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, perdagangan Arab-India, sejarah ketenteraan Islam